智慧数据研究综述:概念辨析、价值取向、关键技术与应用框架

Smart Data Research:Concept Discrimination,Value Orientation,Key Technologies and Application Framework

[目的/意义]智慧数据是"智慧地球"背景下数据科学领域的新概念,目前其理论探讨与实践应用均在迅速发展。梳理学界对其认知脉络,凝聚共识、辨析差异,对厘清智慧数据理论体系和促进智慧数据应用开发意义重大。[方法/过程]在广泛深入阅读国内外领域相关文献的基础上,将智慧数据研究脉络梳理为概念内涵、价值取向、关键技术与应用框架四个分面,通过对比与分析,归纳出智慧数据的三种概念视角、五个特性特征、五类价值取向、三簇关键技术和五大应用领域。[结果/结论]研究发现,智慧数据的本质在于通过数据演进或结构设计实现数据规范精准及价值增值,其价值取向呈现出多元化复合特征,其技术体系旨在提供"可计算-可理解-可会话"的逐级演进支撑,其应用框架核心在于精准实现"数据"与"用户"的智慧交互,未来智慧数据理论体系还需在大"数据科学"观下围绕理论体系构建、数据权利治理、技术均衡发展、服务层级深化、理论实践交融等不断完善。

[Purpose/significance]The Smart Data is a new concept in the field of data science under the development of"Smart Earth",which theoretical exploration and practical application are developing rapidly.Combing the cognitive veins of the academic circles,gathering consensus and analyzing differences is of great significance to clarify the theoretical system of smart data and promote the application and development of smart data.[Method/process]Based on extensive and in-depth reading of relevant literature in domestic and foreign fields,this study divided Smart Data into four aspects:conceptual connotation,value orientation,key technologies and application framework.Overall,this study summarized three conceptual perspectives,five connotation features,five types of value orientation,three clusters of key technologies and five application areas of smart data through comparison and analysis.[Result/conclusion]The study found that the essence of smart data lies in its canonical structure and value-added process.Smart data comes from data evolution or structural design,and this enriches its value orientation,making itself presents diversified composite value characteristics.Its technical system support the step-by-step"computable-understandable-conversational"data evolution,the core of its application framework lies in the precise realization of"data"and"user"intelligent interaction.In the future,the theoretical system of smart data still needs to be improved under the view of big"data science",centering on theoretical system construction,data rights governance,balanced development of technology,upgrading service levels,integrating theory and practice,etc.