中国雕版印刷古籍中的造物设计思想

CREATIVE DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES IN ANCIENT CHINESE WOODBLOCK PRINTING BOOKS

《考工记》有云:"审曲面势,以饬五材,以辨民器~([1])。"此处"审曲面势"即强调,须了解自然物性,才能据其利制出"相宜之器"。"宜",是古代造物设计的根本法则,是适应生活方式的一种和谐,从而使结果致用利人。因此,任何一次造物设计的实践都离不开社会系统的牵制,受天、地、人、物、时、礼等诸多因素影响。这些因素对人类造物设计的意义,即为造物思想。将"审曲面势"思想融于造物设计中,在天道与人道的相互作用下,推导出"各随其宜"的造物设计思想,并作为人们适应生活从而实践的行为准则。

Through the traditional creation philosophies of"surveying character of object"and"free development by themselves,"this paper expounds the harmonious relationship between"people and nature.,""people and thinas."and"people and people"in the woodblock printing culture.The authors summarized that the major relationships in ancient Chinese woodblock printing books are mainly embodied in four aspects:usage of local materials,change over time,suitable for people,refinement and simplicity.In short,the key to the design of ancient Chinese woodblock printing books is the technique of woodblock printing,and the thought of creation design runs through the technique,which contains a quaint old cultural atmosphere.