武汉地区2017年-2019年蚊类群落组成及其多样性分析

Composition and diversity of mosquito community in Wuhan from 2017 to 2019

2017年-2019年,在武汉地区选取公园、居民区、医院、农户和猪圈5种生境为调查点,采用诱蚊灯法对武汉地区蚊类进行多样性调查.结果表明,共捕获蚊类95072只,隶属1科5属8种.城市生境如公园、居民区、医院蚊虫密度消长呈双峰型,密度高峰出现在6月-7月,9月-10月,优势种为致倦库蚊;农村生境如猪圈、农户蚊虫密度消长呈单峰型,密度高峰为6月-7月,猪圈优势种为三带喙库蚊,农户优势种为三带喙库蚊、致倦库蚊和中华按蚊.农户和猪圈的丰富度(8)较高,农户多样性指数、均匀度指数最高,猪圈次之.公园、居民区、医院丰富度(4,4,3)较低,多样性指数、均匀度指数相似,年际间有波动.公园、医院与居民区,猪圈与农户相似性指数范围在0.75~1.00,均为极相似.这些结果表明武汉地区蚊类多样性受外界影响较大,提示蚊媒防控应根据不同季节不同生境下的不同蚊种特性,采取有针对性的综合防控措施.

Five biotopes,including parks,residential areas,hospitals,peasant households and pigpens,were selected to investigate the diversity of mosquito community by lamp trap method in Wuhan from 2017 to 2019.The results showed that a total of 95,072 mosquitoes were trapped,belonging to 8 species under 5 genera and 1 family.The density seasonal fluctuation in urban areas such as parks,residential areas,and hospitals varied with double peaks,and one occurred from June to July,the other from September to October,respectively.In rural areas such as pigpens and peasant households had a single peak,which is generally in June or July.The dominant mosquito species were Culex pipienspallens in parks,residential areas and hospitals,Cx.tritaeniorhynchus in pigpens as well as Cx.tritaeniorhynchus,Cx.pipienspallens and Anopheles sinensis in peasant households.Peasant households and pigpens had the highest richness index(8).Peasant households'diversity index and evenness index were the highest,followed by pigpens.The richness(4,4,3)of parks,residential areas and hospitals was low,and diversity index,evenness index were similar to fluctuation between years.The similarity index of parks and residential areas,residential areas and hospitals,hospitals and parks,pigpens and peasant householdswereenormously similar(0.75≤Cj<1.00).The results indicated that the diversity of mosquitoes in Wuhan is greatly affected by extrinsic factors.Integrated control measures for mosquito prevention and control should be performed according to the characteristics of mosquito species in different seasons and biotopes.