苹果不同栽培模式的试验效果

Experimental Effects of Different Cultivation Modes of Apple

为了研究苹果矮化自根砧和矮化中间砧栽培模式的优缺点。采用在相同生产管理条件下,以烟富3/M26/海棠和烟富3/M9T337两种模式为研究对象,用常规方法测量生长、开花、结果以及栽培表现。结果表明,在区域、土壤、肥水、病虫害等相同的栽培管理条件下,烟富3/M26/海棠栽培模式的树体前2~3年生长缓慢,在成形后树体生长与烟富3/M9T337栽培模式差异不明显;烟富3/M26/海棠栽培模式的全红果实占比40%,80~85 mm果占46%,果实一致率不高;烟富3/M26/海棠栽培模式的全红果实占比91%,80~85 mm果占78%,一致率极高。结论认为在区域、土壤、肥水、病虫害、密度、行向等相同的栽培管理条件下,烟富3/M9T337栽培模式表现出管理省工,生长健壮、成形快、成花率高、果实一致率高、商品率极高,具有规模化、标准化、省力化等特点,是苹果产业转型升级的比较好的栽培模式。

In order to study the advantages and disadvantages of apple dwarf self-rootstock and dwarf inter-rootstock cultivation modeis.Under the same condition of production and management,the growth,flowering,fruiting and cultural performance of Yanfu 3/M26/malus begonia and Yanfu3/M9T337 were measured by conventional methods.The results showed that under the same management condition,such as region,soil,fertilizer,water,plant diseases and insect pests,the growth of Yanfu3/M26/malus hupehensis was slow in the first 2~3 years,there was no significant difference in the growth of tree body between Yanfu3/M9T337 and Yanfu 3/M26/malus hupehensis,the percentage of all-red fruit in Yanfu 3/M26/malus hupehensis was 40%,the percentage of 80-85 mm fruit was 46%,and the percentage of all-red fruit in Yanfu 3/M26/malus hupehensis was 91%,the proportion of 80-85 mm fruit was 78%,the consistent rate was very high.It was concluded that under the same condition of cultivation and management including region,soil,fertilizer and water,plant diseases and insect pests,density,direction,etc,Yanfu3/M9T337 saves labor,grows robustly,at the same time,it has high flowering rate,high consistency rate in fruit and flower and extremely high commodity rate,Yanfu3/M9T337 is characterized with large-scale,standardization and least effort.so it is a good cultivation mode for the transformation and upgrading of apple industry.