农业经营规模扩大有助于化肥减量吗——基于全国1274个家庭农场的计量分析

Does the Expansion of Farm Size Contribute to the Reduction of Chemical Fertilizers?——Empirical Analysis Based on 1274 Family Farms in China

化肥施用过量不仅危害农产品质量,而且破坏农村生态环境。国家大力培育家庭农场等规模农业经营主体能否促进化肥减量,是值得关注的问题。本文利用农业农村部监测的1274个种植类家庭农场数据,采用可处理内生性问题的内生线性回归和内生有序Probit模型,估计了农场经营规模对化肥使用强度的影响,并进行稳健性检验。结果表明,在未达到一定规模时,农场的化肥施用强度会随着经营规模的扩大而显著降低,但当超出一定规模后,继续扩大经营规模反而会增加化肥的施用强度。稳健性检验和异质性分析表明,经营规模的扩大确实有助于减少化肥施用,而且对以自有劳动力为主的家庭农场来说,经营规模的"减量效应"更为突出。因此,要继续加大对家庭农场尤其是以自有劳动力为主的家庭农场的培育力度,重视其在化肥减量中的作用,促进农业规模化和绿色发展。

Excessive consumption of chemical fertilizers not only harms the quality of agricultural products,but also damages the rural ecological environment.Whether the large-scale agricultural business entities such as family farms cultivated by the government can promote the reduction of fertilizer use is worthy of attention.Based on the data of 1274 family farms monitored by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,this paper estimated the impact of farm size on fertilizer use intensity by using endogenous linear regression and endogenous ordered probit model,and the robustness test was carried out.The results show that before reaching the optimal scale,the use intensity of chemical fertilizer will decrease significantly with the expansion of farm size.However,after exceeding the optimal scale,continuing to expand the farm size will increase the use intensity of chemical fertilizers.Robustness test and heterogeneity analysis show that the expansion of farm size is indeed helpful to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers.And for family farms dominated by family-owned labor,the reduction effect of farm size is more prominent compared with farms based on hired labor.Therefore,we should continue to strengthen the cultivation of family farms,especially those with family-owned labor,and pay attention to its role in the reduction of chemical fertilizers and promote the moderate-scale operations and green development of agriculture.