粤语惯用语语义性质及其内部关系研究——兼与汉语惯用语对比

A Study on the Semantic Properties and Internal Relations of Cantonese Idioms——Comparison with Chinese Idiom Data

433名熟练粤—普双语者对190个不同结构的粤语三字格惯用语的语义性质进行评定,探讨各项语义性质及其互相之间作用的关系。结果表明,熟悉度、可理解度、可表象度、字面意义合理度、词素贡献、语义分解性、预测度、习得年龄两两之间均显著相关,习得年龄与其他语义性质间存在显著负相关。回归分析显示,熟悉度是影响粤语惯用语预测度的主要因素,熟悉度、字面意义合理度、可表象度是影响惯用语可理解度的主要因素,熟悉度对四类结构惯用语的可理解度均有显著影响,粤语惯用语与汉语惯用语在理解进路上存在差异。

Based on an assessment of the semantic properties of 190 Cantonese three-character idioms with different structures completed by 433 proficient Cantonese-Putonghua bilinguals,this paper explores a wide range of semantic properties and their interactions.The results show that familiarity,comprehensibility,expressibility,literal rationality,morpheme contribution,decomposability,predictability and acquisition age are significantly correlated with each other,while the acquisition age is negatively correlated with the other semantic properties.Regression analysis shows that familiarity is the main factor that affects the prediction of the Cantonese idioms,that familiarity,literal rationality and expressibility are the main factors that affect the comprehensibility of the idioms,that familiarity has a significant impact on the comprehensibility of all the four types of structural idioms,and that there are different ways to understand Cantonese idioms and Chinese idioms.