玛咖药理毒理研究进展

Progress in Pharmacology and Toxicology of Maca

玛咖(Lepidium meyenii Walper,Maca)为十字花科独行菜属一年生或两年生草本植物,源自南美洲,有悠久的食用历史。除了秘鲁当地人食用玛咖,全世界对玛咖的需求都在增长,玛咖在20世纪90年代初引入我国,并于2011年获批为新资源食品,现阶段我国云南、西藏等高海拔地区均成功引种玛咖。研究表明,玛咖对生殖系统具有调节性激素、改善性功能、抑制前列腺增生的作用;对消化系统具有促进胃肠运动、预防肝损伤的作用;对神经系统具有改善记忆力、抗抑郁、保护神经和镇痛的作用;对免疫系统具有增强细胞免疫和体液免疫的作用;对血液循环系统具有降低舒张压和收缩压的作用;还具有抗炎、抗疲劳、抗氧化、抗紫外辐射及抗骨质疏松等作用。相关毒理研究表明,玛咖无细胞毒性、体外肝毒性、急性毒性、长期毒性以及生殖毒性。现查阅近些年的玛咖药理毒理相关文献,对玛咖药理作用研究、毒理研究进行了归纳、梳理和总结,未发现玛咖具有不良反应,且具有多种药理作用及营养保健功能。希望能为玛咖今后的药用实验及临床研究提供帮助和参考。

Lepidium meyenii Walper(Maca)is an annual or biennial herb of the genus Lepidopsis in the cruciferous family.It originates from South America and has a long history of consumption.In addition to the locals in Peru who consume maca,the interest and demand for Maca are growing all over the world.Maca was gradually introduced into China in the early 1990s and was approved as a new resource food in 2011.At this stage,maca has been successfully introduced in high-altitude regions such as Yunnan and Tibet.A large number of experimental studies have shown that Maca can regulate sex hormones,improve sexual function and inhibit prostatic hyperplasia of the reproductive system.It can promote gastrointestinal motility and protect against liver injury in digestive system.It has the effect of improving memory,anti-depression,protecting nerve and analgesia to nervous system.Maca can enhance cellular immunity and humoral immunity to the immune system.It can reduce diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure in the blood circulation system.It also has the functions of anti-inflammatory,fatigue resistance,oxidation resistance,resistance to ultraviolet radiation and anti osteoporosis and other effects.Relevant toxicological studies showed that maca had no cytotoxicity,in vitro hepatotoxicity,acute toxicity,long-term toxicity or reproductive toxicity.In this paper,the pharmacological and toxicological studies of maca in recent years were reviewed,and the pharmacological and toxicological studies were summarized.It was found that maca had no toxic and side effects,as well as a variety of pharmacological and nutritional functions.It is hoped that this paper can provide help and reference for maca′s future medicinal experiment and clinical research.