贵州边远山区农村幼儿园教育经费保障机制研究

On the Funding Support Mechanism for Rural KindergartenEducation in Guizhou’s Remote Areas

贵州边远农村地区学前教育发展仍然有很大空间,教育经费保障机制的建立非常重要。贵州省出台了非常多的相关文件,国内学者也提出了诸多有益的解决策略,但由于学前教育发展推进速度过快,许多政策和对策推出的时间过短,需要进一步细化责任与义务,如贵州内部经济发达县区与经济欠发达县区承担比例是否应该统一,新出现的代课教师薪资报酬如何解决等。本研究挑选了9个地州农村幼儿园进行调研,梳理了园长、教师、家长、村干部等人的意见,引进了新结构经济学、财政分担、资产专用性等理论,提出了以班级为拨款单位、灵活的分担比例确定公式、改革教师管理体制等解决办法,对完善边远山区农村学前教育经费保障机制有一定意义。

The preschool education in Guizhou’s remote rural areas is far from satisfying,and to improve the status quo the funding support mechanism is important.The government of Guizhou Province has successively issued many relevant documents and a big number of Chinese scholars have proposed beneficial measures.Nevertheless,the preschool education has been developing fast,and situations vary from place to place,hence requiring diversified,detailed and corresponding measures concerning responsibilities and duties,and here funding is a striking challenge.This research,based on the surveys in 9 prefectures,takes into account views from kindergarten principals,teachers,parents and village leaders,and proposes reducing the pressure of funding by introducing the new structural economics,divided funding and specific funding channels.In particular,the current research focuses on teaching class as a unit of funding,a proper formula for flexible funding sources,and the reform on teachers management mechanism.