高炉炉缸死铁层深度优化设计

Optimal design of salamander depth in blast furnace

高炉炉缸死铁层深度是高炉重要设计参数之一,死铁层深度对高炉寿命影响重大。针对大型高炉死铁层深度优化问题,基于2 000、2 500、3 000、4 000、5 000m^(3)级的国内外部分高炉死铁层深度统计情况,得出中国死铁层深度占炉缸直径的19.7%~23.3%的现状。通过建立高炉死料柱的受力模型,在保证死料柱浮起的条件下,计算出2 000、3 000、4 000及5 000m^(3)级高炉死铁层适宜深度占比分别为23.8%、24.3%、24.8%、25.5%。通过分析高炉设计参数及操作参数与死铁层深度的关系,提出高炉在实际生产中,为促进死料柱浮起及增大死铁层实际深度,可采取适当增大焦比、减小块状带孔隙率、增大风速、减小鼓风压力与炉顶压力的差值、控制死料柱孔隙率为0.40~0.48等措施,为死铁层优化设计和高炉操作提供指导。

The salamander depth in the hearth of the blast furnace is one of the important design parameters of the blast furnace,and it has a significant impact on the life of the blast furnace.The optimization of the salamander depth in the large blast furnace was aimed at.Based on the statistics of the dead iron layer depth of some blast furnaces at home and abroad of 2 000,2 500,3 000,4 000 and 5 000 m^(3),it is obtained that the salamander depth in China accounts for 19.7%-23.3%.By establishing the force model of the deadman,under the condition that the deadman is floating on furnace bottom,it is calculated that the suitable salamander depths of the 2 000,3 000,4 000 and 5 000 m^(3) blast furnaces are 23.8%,24.3%,24.8%,and 25.5%.By analyzing the relationship between the blast furnace design parameters,operating parameters,and the salamander depth,it is proposed that in the actual production of blast furnaces in China,in order to promote the deadman floating and increase the actual salamander depth,it is possible to appropriately increase the coke ratio,reduce the porosity of the lump zone,increase the wind speed,reduce the difference between the blast pressure and the furnace top pressure,and control the porosity of deadman between 0.40-0.48.It will provide guidance for the optimization design of the salamander and the operation of the blast furnace in the future.