武汉市中小学生视力不良状况分析

Analysis of poor vision of students at primary and middle school in Wuhan

目的了解湖北省武汉市某区中小学生视力状况及年级、性别特征,为青少年视力保健工作提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,2019年抽取武汉市64 861名中小学生裸眼视力检查资料并分析。结果武汉市某区中小学生总体视力不良检出率为57.5%,小学生检出率为51.6%,其中轻度18.9%、中度20.9%和重度11.9%,中学生检出率为69.8%,其中轻度8.1%、中度19.5%和重度42.3%;1~6年级小学生及7年级、9年级、10年级、12年级男生视力水平好于女生,小学2年级学生视力最好(4.93±0.20),总视力不良及重度视力不良率呈阶梯式上升,4年级小学生增长速度较快。结论武汉市中小学生近视率高于全国平均水平,随着年龄增长视力不良检出率和重度近视率增加,10岁是检出率增加的关键年龄。

Objective To understand the situation of eyesight and the characteristics of grade and gender of students at primary and middle schools in a district of Wuhan, and provide basis for vision care in adolescents. Methods The examination materials of uncorrected visual acuity of 64 861 students from primary and middle schools were collected and analyzed with stratified cluster random sampling method in Wuhan, 2019. Results The total myopia rate of the students from primary and middle schools was 57.5% in a district of Wuhan. It was 51.6% at primary schools, including 18.9% of the mild, 20.9% of the moderate and 11.9% of the severe;69.8% at the middle schools, including 8.1% of the mild, 19.5% of the moderate and 42.3% of the severe. The vision level of the male student was better in grade of 1-6 at primary school, grade of7, 9, 10 and 12 than that of the female. The eyesight of students in grade 2 at the primary school was the best(4.93±0.20). The rate of total poor vision and severe poor vision increased step by step, and increased fast in the students of grade 4 at primary school. Conclusions The myopia rate of the students at primary and middle schools in Wuhan is higher than the national average level. The rate of total poor vision and severe poor vision increases with the age, and the key age of myopia rate increase is at the age of 10 years.