东洞庭湖天气、气候对越冬候鸟数量的影响

Influences of the Weather and Climate on the Number of Overwintering Migratory Birds in East Dongting Lake

利用2008—2018年东洞庭湖大小西湖越冬候鸟监测数据及其他鸟类分析资料,结合长江城陵矶水位和各种气象数据,对东洞庭湖天气、气候与越冬候鸟数量的关系进行了分析。结果表明:东洞庭湖为名副其实的越冬候鸟的天堂,近11年来大小西湖共监测到越冬候鸟39种,数量呈较显著增加趋势;因降水异常导致秋冬季水位异常变化对候鸟造成明显的不利影响,寒流南下偏迟等气候异常是同期候鸟大大减少的重要原因。极端天气、气候事件对候鸟数量产生严重影响;10月至次年1月中旬气温偏低、雨量偏多、日照偏少的气候条件下越冬候鸟数量较多,反之则偏少;洞庭湖观鸟节观测到鸟类种类的多少基本取决于观鸟队的数量,但气温偏高的晴朗天气观测到鸟的种类相对较多,低温阴雨天气观测到鸟的种类相对较少。

The relationship between weather,climate and overwintering migratory birds was analyzed by using the monitoring data of overwintering migratory birds and other bird analysis data in big and small west lakesin from 2008 to 2018,combined with the water level data of Chenglingji and various meteorological data in the Yangtze River.The results show that East Dongting Lake is a veritable paradise for overwintering migratory birds.In the last 11 years,a total of 39 species of overwintering migratory birds have been detected in big and small west lakesin,and the number is increasing significantly.Abnormal changes of water level in autumn and winter caused by abnormal precipitation have obvious adverse effects on migratory birds.Climatic anomalies such as the late southward drift of cold current are the important reason for the significant decrease of migratory birds in the same period.Extreme weather and climate events have a serious impact on migratory bird populations.Under the climate condition of low temperature,more rainfall and less sunshine from October 1 to mid-January,the number of overwintering migratory birds is large.The number of bird species observed in the bird watching festival in Dongting Lake basically depends on the number of bird watching teams.However,the number of bird species observed in sunny days with high temperature is relatively large,while the number of bird species observed in rainy days with low temperature is relatively small.