提高早产儿免疫力的方法综述

Methods of Improving Immunity of Premature Infants

早产儿出生后多存在免疫力、神经中枢、心肺以及口腔肌肉组织、发育等方面的问题,导致各种并发症发生。从分析早产儿免疫力的特点入手,综述从早期补充维生素D、母乳喂养联合游泳抚触、极低出生体重儿舌下黏膜涂抹亲母初乳、运用循证护理的方法等四个方面来提高早产儿免疫力,从而提高早产儿存活质量,缩短平均住院日,减轻家庭负担,拟为今后的护理研究及临床应用提供参考。

There are many problems with premature infants after birth,such as low immunity,problems with nerve center,cardiopulmonary,oral muscle tissue and growth,which lead to variouscomplications.Starting from the analysis of the characteristics of the immunity of premature infants,thispaper summarizes how to improve the immunity of premature infants from four aspects:early vitamin Dsupplementation,breast-feeding combined with swimming touch,sublingual mucosa daubing mother’scolostrum on extremely low and ultra-low birth weight infants,and evidence-based nursing,so as toimprove the survival quality of premature infants,shorten the average hospital stay and reduce the familyburden.The purpose is to provide reference for future nursing research and clinical application.