印度贫困现象的政治经济学分析

A Political Economy Analysis on the Poverty Phenomenon in India

本文认为印度的贫困人口占世界贫困人口比重的增加主要源于制度性原因。根据马克思政治经济学原理,资本家为了追求持续的和更大的利润,往往会通过提高技术和增加资本积累等来实现,这导致的后果是资本家与工人之间的收入差距越来越大,工人陷入到更加严重的贫困化境地。基于此理论,我们分别挑选了能够反映印度技术进步和资本积累的解释变量,并挑选了能够准确反映出印度无产阶级贫困化指数变化的被解释变量,构建用于实证的引力模型。描述性和实证研究的结果都基本表明:1990年代初以来的全面改革背景下印度的技术进步和资本积累指标集分别对无产阶级的贫困化指标做出了不同程度的贡献,在对部分指标采用工具变量做替代之后,上述结论依然成立。这些结果再次验证了马克思关于无产阶级贫困化的理论描述是正确的。而印度从根本上消灭贫困只能依靠社会制度的变革来实现。

This paper argues that the increasing proportion of India in the world s poor population is mainly due to institutional reasons.According to the principle of Marxist plutonomy,capitalists would improve technology and increase capital accumulation to achieve their goal of pursuing sustainable and greater profits.As a result,the income gap between capitalists and workers becomes wider and wider,which leave workers to fall into a worse poverty situation.Based on this theory,the author selected explanatory variables that reflected technological progress and capital accumulation in India,and variables that accurately reflected proletarian poverty in India to construct a mathematical model for empirical use.The results of both descriptive and empirical studies basically show that:under the background of comprehensive reform since the early 1990s,India s technological progress and the index set of capital accumulation have made different contributions to the proletarian poverty indicators,and the above conclusion is still valid after some indicators are replaced by instrumental variables.These results have once again verified Marx s theoretical description of proletarian poverty.If India wants to eradicate poverty fundamentally,it has to rely on the reform of social system to achieve that.