外泌体在年龄相关性黄斑变性发病机制与诊疗方面的研究进展

Research Progress of Exosomes in Pathogenesis,Diagnosis and Treatment of Age-related Macular Degeneration

年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)是由多种因素引起的一种老年性致盲眼病,其发病机制尚未完全明确。而外泌体是细胞内多囊泡体与质膜融合后释放到细胞外的一种纳米级囊泡,可携带蛋白质、微RNAs和脂质等,其功能随来源细胞的不同而不同,主要包括细胞间信号转导、肿瘤微环境形成、免疫学作用等。眼部来源的外泌体通过参与新生血管形成、玻璃膜疣生成、免疫反应等过程促进AMD的发生发展,并在其诊断及治疗中发挥作用。未来,外泌体可能作为生物标志物或治疗媒介应用于AMD患者的个性化治疗。

Age-related macular degeneration( AMD) is a senile blinding disease caused by many factors,the pathogenesis of which is still not completely clear. Exosome is a nanoscale vesicle released into the extracellular after the fusion of intracellular multivesicular bodies and plasma membrane. It can carry proteins,microRNAs and lipids,and its functions vary with the source cells,including intercellular signal transduction,tumor microenvironment formation,immunology and so on. Exosomes of ocular origin promote the development of AMD by participating in the processes of neovascularization,drusen formation,immune responses and so on,and play important roles in the diagnosis and treatment. In the future,exosomes may be used as biomarkers or therapeutic medium in the individualized treatment of AMD.