SorCS1基因在阿尔茨海默病病理机制中的研究进展

Research Progress of SorCS1 Gene in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种与多因素相关且不可逆的老年神经退行性疾病。AD主要由细胞外神经炎斑块聚积以及细胞内神经元纤维缠结等引起,但具体发病机制目前尚不明确。其中,淀粉样蛋白沉积是AD发病的主要原因,而蛋白质分选受体SorCS1基因在调控淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)的运输途径和淀粉样蛋白产生中扮演重要角色。AD病理状态下,蛋白的加工与转运不仅参与胞内APP加工、β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)生成的过程,还参与将胞内生成的Aβ转运至胞外的过程。SorCS1作为蛋白转运中的关键因子,可能在AD疾病的发生、发展过程中起关键作用。以SorCS1作为AD的分子靶标并发掘上下游信号通路,对探索AD的发病机制及治疗方式均具有重要的临床意义。

Alzheimer’s disease( AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease associated with multiple factors in the elderly. The disease is mainly caused by extracellular neuritic plaques deposition and intracellular neurofibrillary tangle formation. However,the specific pathogenesis of AD still remains to be elucidated. Recent studies of etiology and genetics has indicated that the amyloid deposition is the main cause of the disease,and SorCS1 gene,the protein sorting receptor,plays a significant role in regulating the transport pathway of amyloid precursor protein( APP) and the production of amyloid protein. In the pathological state of AD,protein processing and transport are not only related to APP processing and amyloid-β peptide( Aβ) production,but also closely connected with extracellular transport of the generated Aβ. Therefore,SorCS1,a key factor in protein transport,may play a key role in the occurrence and development of AD. Using SorCS1 as a molecular target of AD and exploring upstream and downstream signaling pathways have important clinical significance in exploring the pathogenesis and treatment of AD.