肺炎支原体感染诊断方法的研究进展

Research Progress of Diagnosis Methods of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection

肺炎支原体是引起社区获得性肺炎的主要病原体之一,除引起呼吸道症状外,重症病例还可出现肺外损害。肺炎支原体感染缺乏特异临床表现,影像学表现复杂,目前病原菌培养是诊断肺炎支原体感染的金标准,但存在敏感性较低等局限性,无法辅助临床患者的早期诊断;此外,肺炎支原体血清学抗体检测的阳性率亦偏低,灵敏度和特异度的差异巨大。随着分子诊断技术的发展,其在肺炎支原体检测的敏感性、特异性等方面表现出明显的优势,并可用于耐药性检测,未来可作为支原体肺炎快速诊断的重要技术。

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the main pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia. In addition to respiratory symptoms,severe cases will also have extrapulmonary damage. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection lacks specific clinical manifestations,and has complex imaging manifestations. At present,the gold-standard for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumonia is pathogen culture,but it has limitations and low sensitivity,which cannot assist the early diagnosis of the patients. Besides,the positive rate of serum antibody detection is low,and there is a great difference in sensitivity and specificity. With the development of molecular diagnostic technology,it has shown obvious advantages in the sensitivity and specificity of mycoplasma pneumoniae detection,and can be used for drug resistance test. In the future,it can be used as an important technology for the rapid diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumonia.