领土主权争端中证据链的价值与应用

The Value and Application of Chain of Evidence in Territorial Disputes

证据价值并非孤立性的,而是关系性和结构性的。证据链重视证据与其他证据的相互作用以及证据处于整个证据系统的地位,发挥着证据审查、证明增量、逻辑推进、整体涌现等作用。证据链决定了证据的证据价值,掌握着法律证明的逻辑命脉,体现出司法论证的科学路径。在领土主权争端中,国际司法机构事实上运用了证据链理论,将单个证据放在“证据链”上进行分析,根据证据之间的互相作用分别赋予其不同作用,把对领土主权的认定建立在对各类证据的综合考量和整体涌现之上。在钓鱼岛问题上,本文通过对中国证据链的重新构建,将证据链建立在历史证据、条约证据、有效控制证据、地图证据等证据的基础上。各类证据在证据链上分别发挥决定、支撑、补强、确证、解释、承接、反驳等不同作用,在证据审查上彼此印证,在证据价值上互相增进,在逻辑发展上共同推进,通过证据链捍卫中国对钓鱼岛的主权。

The value of evidence is not determined on an isolated basis,but on a relational and structural basis.The chain of evidence attaches importance to the interaction between evidences as well as the status of evidences in the entire evidence system.It plays a significant role in reviewing evidence,elevating probative force,promoting the development of the logic line and finding facts.The chain of evidence determines the evidence value,grasps the logic line,and reflects the scientific path to adjudication.In territorial disputes,international judicial bodies have in fact exploited the theory of chain of evidence.Various evidences are placed on the chain of evidence for analysis,and accordingly assigned different roles.The determination of territorial sovereignty is based on the comprehensive consideration of evidences.With regard to the Sino-Japan Diaoyu Islands dispute,this paper intends to reconstruct the chain of evidence on the Chinese side.It makes use of historical evidences,treaties,effectivités,and maps,and distinguishes different roles including determination,support,corroboration,interpretation,logic continuance and rebuttal.Evidences corroborate and support each other,thereby increasing the evidence value and contributing to finding facts.Based on chain of evidence as a whole,it strongly defends the China s sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands.