刑事侦查法规范目的的“话语转换”

The Paradigm Shift in Criminal Investigation Statutes in China

我国现行刑事侦查法属单一真实发现模式,其以真实发现的认识论功能为导向,采侧重权力行使的一维构造。在互联网普及、科技发展的大数据时代,隐私衰退,公权力扩张,现行法模式面临结构偏差、功能失衡的内部危机。为此,我国侦查法规范目的需要进行“话语更新”:从传统的以“犯罪行为”为中心的犯罪控制与真实发现的认识论目的,转向兼顾以“国民/社会”为中心的安全保障,且更侧重国家权力行使对个人与社会的影响。本文并未囿于学者所倡导的隐私权话语体系,亦未泛泛而论“人权保障”,而是转向功能论视角与风险社会语境,审视现行侦查法内嵌功能之偏颇,进而转向安全话语体系之倡导及安全保障机制之倡导。同时,作为以功能论为导向的权力规范机制,本文亦可为行政领域的搜查、扣押等措施以及监察调查措施的理论检讨与立法完善提供理论参照。

China's criminal investigation statutes are meant for crime control and truth seeking,which could be categorized as the truth-seeking model.However,in modern times of big data when expectations of privacy is lowered down and the discretion power is expanding,this current model is suffering structural imbalance of functions.Therefore,China's investigation law needs a paradigm shift on the normative level from crime control to secured safety which is offered not just to the accused but also to every individual.This article does not follow the traditional right to privacy approach,nor resorts to human rights protection in general terms.However,a different view of functionalism is advocated to critically scrutinize the imbalanced functions of criminal investigation.In the meantime,this article could also offer a theoretical framework to normatively view searches and seizures in both administrative and supervisory contexts.