人大授权改革试点制度的运作图式

On Operational Scheme of Pilot Reform Delegation System of People's Congress

人大授权改革试点主要展现为人大授权暂时调整或停止适用法律、地方性法规,其制度运作旨在调和“改革与法治”之间的紧张关系,但在当前宪制结构下人们对其正当性仍存在一定的疑虑,也可能出现授权决定的“形式滥用”而导致立法功能危机。为了应对这些问题,在现代公法理论的基本架构下对该项制度进行反思,描绘其规范的运作图式,包括依次演进的三层结构:首先,在“八二”宪法的权力图谱中,确立改革试点授权者制度角色的正当性,从而使人大授权改革试点制度真正融入、内化于当前宪制结构;其次,作为授权者的人大启动某项改革试点,基于人大行权民主性、科学性原则,应当使改革事项与“授权决定”这一规范形式之功能结构上的条件取得一致,并且实质满足“改革发展需要”的授权根据;最后,经过授权明确性原则、比例原则逐层深入的遴选,在具体操控层面选定最佳的改革试点授权方案。

The pilot reform delegation of People's Congress mainly embodies that People's Congress may,as needed for reform and development,decide to authorize the temporary adjustment or temporary suspension of the local application of certain provisions of a law or local regulation,which aims to make the pilot reform compatible with the rule of law.However,there are doubts about the legitimacy of the system.It may also be abused to lead to the crisis of legislative function.In order to deal with these problems,the system needs to be reflected under the basic framework of the modern public law theory.Firstly,the system of pilot reform delegation of People's Congress can be internalized into the present constitutional structure,only if its legitimacy is re-established under the power allocation of the 1982 Constitution.Secondly,if the People's Congress plans to launch a pilot reform,the selected pilot reform matter shall meet with the function and structure of authorized decision as well as the need of reform and development,based on the democratic and scientific principle of its power operation.Thirdly,the best pilot reform delegation scheme shall be selected through the combination mechanism successively consisting of delegation definitude principle and proportionality principle.