耕地面源污染治理农户参与意愿研究

Research on Farmers′Willingness to Participate in Non-Point Source Pollution Control of Cultivated Land

为了分析农户参与耕地面源污染治理的意愿及其影响因素,首先采用计划行为理论从理论上分析了农户参与耕地面源污染治理的行为机理,然后利用洞庭湖平原农户调查数据,运用结构方程模型进行实证检验。结果表明:(1)农户对耕地面源污染治理的参与意愿不高;(2)行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制对农户参与耕地面源污染治理的意愿均有正向影响;(3)农户对化肥危害、农药危害、有机肥改善环境的认知程度对其行为态度有显著正向影响;(4)邻居、媒体、村委会影响程度对农户主观规范有显著正向影响;(5)农户的经济实力、行为能力和专业素质对其知觉行为控制有显著正向影响。因此,应切实增强农户治理耕地面源污染的主体意识,充分发挥基层村民自治组织在耕地面源污染治理中的作用,同时采用经济手段引导和激励农户参与耕地面源污染治理。

In order to analyze farmers′willingness to participate in non-point source pollution control of cultivated land and its influencing factors,we first analyzed the behavioral mechanism of farmers′participation in controlling the non-point source pollution of cultivated land based on the theory of planned behavior;and empirically analyzed farmers′willingness to participate in non-point source pollution control of cultivated land based on structural equation model and survey data collected from farmers in Dongting Lake Plain.The results indicated that:(1)the farmers′willingness to participate in non-point source pollution control of cultivated land was not strong;(2)the behavioral attitudes,subjective norms and perceived behavioral control had significant positive effects on the farmers′willingness to participate;(3)the farmers′recognition of the harm of chemical fertilizer,pesticide,and of the positive effect of organic fertilizer had a significant impact on the farmers′behavioral attitudes;(4)the influences of neighbors,media and village committees had a significant positive impact on the subjective norms of the farmers;(5)farmers′economic backgrounds,behavioral capabilities and professional qualities had significant positive impacts on their perceived behavior control.In conclusion,it is necessary to strengthen the farmers′subjective consciousness,promote the roles of grassroots villagers′autonomous organizations in non-point pollution control of cultivated land,meanwhile,economic means should be adopted to guide and encourage farmers to participate in the non-point pollution control of cultivated land.