凝结芽孢杆菌抑菌性能的研究进展

Research Progress on Antibacterial Properties of a Probiotic Bacillus Coagulans

文章综述了近年来益生菌凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)在体内、体外抑菌性能的研究报道,旨在为饲用凝结芽孢杆菌替抗应用提供科学依据。在较为全面的收集国内外相关凝结芽孢杆菌抑菌实验和实验数据的基础上,文章重点总结了三方面内容:①凝结芽孢杆菌抑菌性能评估的研究方法;②凝结芽孢杆菌牛津杯法抑菌作用(体外抑菌实验评估);③饲用凝结芽孢杆菌对畜禽肠道菌群的调控效果(体内抑菌实验评估)。分析现有文献结果显示,牛津杯法是实验室评估凝结芽孢杆菌抑菌作用的主要方法。牛津杯法抑菌实验报道显示:凝结芽孢杆菌对畜禽肠道有害菌、饲料源有害菌、商业饲用益生菌等3类指示菌的抑菌研究较多,但对肠道有益菌的抑制研究没有报道。大量动物试验集中报道了饲用凝结芽孢杆菌对肠道大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌总菌数的影响,极少涉及沙门氏菌、双歧杆菌影响的研究。基于当前替抗饲料添加剂研发的实际需求,文章以抗生素为对照组,加快凝结芽孢杆菌体内、体外抑菌性能的系统评估研究,为凝结芽孢杆菌在饲料及养殖业的替抗应用奠定基础。

In this paper, the antibacterial properties of probiotic Bacillus coagulans in vivo and in vitro in recent years were reviewed, in order to provide scientific basis for the application of the feed probiotics Bacillus coagulans as an antibiotics alternative. On the basis of comprehensive collection of in vivo and in vitro antibacterial test data of Bacillus coagulans, three aspects were focused on this paper as followings:(1) evaluation method of antibacterial properties of Bacillus coagulans;(2) bacteriostatic effect of Bacillus coagulans by the oxford cup method(in vitro bacteriostatic evaluation);(3) bacteriostatic effect of the dietary supplementation of probiotics Bacillus coagulans on intestinal flora of livestock and poultry(in vivo bacteriostatic evaluation). Existing literatures indicated that oxford cup method was the main in vitro method to evaluate the bacteriostatic effect of Bacillus coagulans, which showed that three kinds of indicator bacteria including intestinal harmful bacteria, feed or feedstuff harmful bacteria, and commercial feed probiotics were used in in vitro oxford cup evaluation, but intestinal beneficial bacterium was no report. A large number of in vivo bacteriostatic evaluation focused on the influence of dietary supplementing Bacillus coagulans on the intestinal flora determination of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus in pigs and broilers, and few reports on intestinal Salmonella and Bifidobacterium. Based on the development of the feed antibiotics alternatives, this review suggested that the systematic evaluation of antibacterial properties of Bacillus coagulans in vivo and in vitro should be accelerated by the comparison of feed antibiotics, which was the foundation for the application of the probiotics Bacillus coagulans as an antibiotics alternative in animal feeding industry.