复合酶制剂对新疆伊犁鹅产蛋性能和盲肠微生物菌群的影响

Effects of Compound Enzyme Preparation on Laying Performance and Cecal Microflora of Xinjiang Yili Goose

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加复合酶制剂对伊犁鹅产蛋性能和盲肠微生物菌群的影响。选取健康状况良好、体重相近的4岁伊犁鹅200只,随机分为4组,每组10个重复,每个重复5只伊犁鹅。对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别添加0、0.2、0.3 g/kg和0.4 g/kg的复合酶制剂。预试期7 d,正试期35 d。随机选取对照组和试验Ⅱ组(产蛋性能最佳组)伊犁鹅各8只采集盲肠内容物,提取其DNA,用特异性引物扩增细菌16S rRNA基因V3~V4区,使用基于NovaSeq测序平台对细菌16S rRNA基因进行测序分析。结果表明:①在试验的第4周,试验Ⅱ组的产蛋率极显著或显著高于对照组(P<0.01)、试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)及试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组的料蛋比显著低于对照组(P<0.05);综合全期,试验Ⅱ组的产蛋率较对照组显著提高(P<0.05),料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05)。②与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组的盲肠微生物在门水平上,拟杆菌门相对丰度极显著升高(P<0.01),梭杆菌门相对丰度极显著降低(P<0.01);在属水平上,拟杆菌属相对丰度极显著升高(P<0.01),脱硫弧菌属相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05),梭杆菌属相对丰度极显著降低(P<0.01)。综上所述,在饲粮中添加0.3 g/kg复合酶制剂可显著提高伊犁鹅产蛋率,显著降低料蛋比,显著或极显著增加盲肠有益菌(拟杆菌门、拟杆菌属、脱硫弧菌属)的相对丰度,极显著减少有害菌(梭杆菌门、梭杆菌属)的相对丰度,利于提高伊犁鹅肠道的消化吸收功能和预防肠道疾病,从而提高伊犁鹅的产蛋性能。

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of compound enzyme preparation on laying performance and cecal microflora of Yili goose.A total of 200 Yili goose aged four years old with similar body weight and good health were selected,and were randomly divided into four groups with 10 replica⁃tions and five goose per replication.The control group,test groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲwere fed the same basal di⁃et with 0,0.2,0.3 g/kg and 0.4 g/kg compound enzyme preparation,respectively.The pre-experimental period lasted for seven days and the experimental period lasted for 35 days.The cecal contents of eight geese in the control group and the trial groupⅡrandomly were selected and extracted DNA.The V3 and V4 regions in 16S rRNA gene of were amplified and analyzed based on NovaSeq sequencing.The re⁃sults showed that:①in the 4th week of the experiment,the laying rate of test groupⅡwas significantly or extremely significantly increased than that of the control group(P<0.01),test groupⅠ(P<0.05)and test groupⅢ(P<0.05).The feed egg ratio of test groupⅡwas significantly reduced than that of the control group(P<0.05).In the whole experi⁃ment period,compared with the control group,the laying rate of test groupⅡwas significantly in⁃creased(P<0.05),and the feed egg ratio was sig⁃nificantly reduced(P<0.05).②At the phylum level of cecal microflora,compared with the that of the control group,the relative abundance of Bacteroide⁃tes in the test groupⅡwas extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),the relative abundance of Fuso⁃bacteria was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01).At the genus level,the relative abundance of Bacteroides was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),and Desulfovibrio was significantly increased(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Fusobacterium was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01).In conclusion,under the experimental conditions,adding 0.3 g/kg compound enzyme preparation to the diet significantly increase the laying rate of Yili goose,significantly reduce the feed egg ratio,and significant or extremely significant increased in the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria in cecum(Bacteroide⁃tes,Bacteroides,Desulfovibrio),significantly reduced the relative abundance of harmful bacteria(Fusobac⁃teria and Fusobacterium),helped to improve the digestion and absorption function of the intestine of Yili goose and prevents intestinal diseases,thereby improving the laying performance of Yili goose.