美国大都会艺术博物馆藏四子部落札萨克银印辨伪

On the Identification of the Imperial Chinese Silver ’Tiger’ Jasak Seal of the Four-Prince Tribal Banner of the Metropolitan Museum of Art

札萨克银印是清朝统治者赐予蒙古旗主的重要信物,也是旗主权力和地位合法性的凭证。近年在美国纽约大都会艺术博物馆展出的清代四子部落札萨克银印引起了博物馆界的较多关注,也使得原藏内蒙古自治区四子王旗博物馆的同款银印的真实性受到质疑。本文对两方印章的印文、边款、背题的满蒙文进行了释读,并通过递藏状况的追溯和实地调研,以及与其他札萨克印进行对比研究,认为大都会艺术博物馆藏四子部落札萨克银印系赝品,是对四子王旗博物馆真印的仿制。此外,本文也对札萨克银印所反映的清代礼部在维持满蒙关系中发挥的作用进行了阐释。

The silver Jasak seal with a ‘tiger’ handle(hereinafter referred to as the ‘Jasak Seal’) symbolizes the tribal banner chief ’s legitimate power and status granted imperially by the Qing Court. The interpretation is conducted in the thesis concerning the Mongolian and Manchu scripts on the back and four sides of the two ‘Jasak Seals’ of the same design respectively collected in the Metropolitan Museum of Art of America and the Four-Prince Banner Museum of China. With the history of their circulation, on-the-spot investigation and comparison with other similar Jasak seals, the thesis comes to the judgment that the ‘Jasak Seal’ of the Metropolitan Museum of Art is a fake one modeled after the genunie ‘Jasak Seal’ of the Four-Prince Banner Museum. The thesis also touches on the role the Qing Ministry of Rites played in maintaining Manchuria-Mongolia relations as is conveyed in the Zasak silver seal.