安徽沿淮地区小城镇主要景观树种固碳释氧和降温增湿效益评估

Benefit evaluation of carbon sequestration,oxygen release,cooling and humidifying of the main landscape tree species in small towns along Huaihe River in Anhui Province

了解小城镇主要景观树种光合蒸腾特性及其固碳释氧、降温增湿能力,可为小城镇景观树种的合理配置及其生态环境效益的定量评价提供科学依据。本研究以安徽沿淮地区阜阳市颍州区中原花都·芳香小镇、颍上县八里河旅游风情小镇、太和县马集发艺小镇的19种主要景观树种为对象,采用Li-6400XT光合作用测定仪对其进行光合生理指标测定,分析这些景观树种的固碳释氧与增湿降温效应。结果表明:(1)除石楠(Photinia serratifolia)和山茶(Camellia japonica)外,其他17个树种各季节的单位叶面积固碳释氧和增湿降温能力均表现为夏季>春季>秋季。(2)树种的固碳量和增湿量与净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均呈极显著相关。(3)从树种光合与蒸腾作用效率角度,运用主成分分析综合评估树种的固碳释氧和增湿降温能力,依次为悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia)>月季(Rosa chinensis)>木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)>垂柳(Salix babylonica)>紫叶李(Prunus cerasifera)>垂丝海棠(Malus halliana)>香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)>火棘(Pyracantha fortuneana)>朴树(Celtis sinensis)>珊瑚树(Viburnum odoratissimum)>石楠>蜡梅(Chimonanthus praecox)>日本晚樱(Cerasus serrulata)>桂花(Osmanthus fragrans)>大叶黄杨(Buxus megistophylla)>广玉兰(Magnolia grandiflora)>白玉兰(Michelia denudata)>银杏(Ginkgo biloba)>山茶。研究表明,在安徽沿淮地区小城镇景观树种配置时,可以选用固碳释氧量和增湿降温能力较强的树种,优选乔木为悬铃木、垂柳、紫叶李、香樟,灌木为月季、木槿、垂丝海棠、火棘、珊瑚树。

Clarifying the photosynthetic transpiration characteristics of the main landscape tree species in small towns,as well as their capacity in carbon fixation,oxygen release,cooling and humidifying can provide scientific basis for rational allocation of landscape tree species and the quantification of their ecological and environmental benefits.We measured photosynthetic characteristics of 19 main landscape tree species in the public spaces of Zhongyuan Huadu-Fragrant Town of Yingzhou District,Balihe Tourist Town of Yingshang County,and Maji Hair Art Town of Taihe County in Fuyang City along the Huaihe River in Anhui Province by LI-6400 XT portable photosynthesis system,and analyzed their carbon sequestration and oxygen release as well as cooling and humidifying efficiency.The results showed that:(1) Except for Photinia serratifolia and Camellia japonica,carbon sequestration,oxygen release and cooling and humidifying capacities per unit leaf area of all the tree species in each season were in the order of summer > spring >autumn.(2) Carbon sequestration and humidifying of tree species were significantly correlated with net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance.(3) From the perspective of the photosynthesis and transpiration efficiency,we evaluated carbon fixation,oxygen release,humidifying and cooling capabilities of the tree species with the principal component analysis.They followed the order of Platanus acerifolia > Rosa chinensis > Hibiscus syriacus >Salix babylonica > Prunus cerasifera > Malus halliana > Cinnamomum camphora > Pyracantha fortuneana > Celtis sinensis > Viburnum odoratissimum > P.serratifolia > Chimonanthus praecox >Cerasus serrulata > Osmanthus fragrans > Buxus megistophylla > Magnolia grandiflora > Michelia denudata > Ginkgo biloba > C.japonica.Therefore,in the disposition of landscape tree species in small towns along the Huaihe River in Anhui Province,the tree species with higher ability of carbon fixation,oxygen release and humidifying and cooling can be selected.The preferred arbor species are P.acerifolia,S.babylonica,P.cerasifera and C.camphora,and the shrub species are R.chinensis,H.syriacus,M.halliana,P.fortuneana and V.odoratissimum.