影响青藏高原高寒草地植物向高海拔或高纬度迁移的关键因素研究进展

Research advance on the key factors affecting the migration of alpine grassland plants to high altitude or high latitude in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

为应对快速的气候变暖,青藏高原高寒草地植物正加速向高海拔或高纬度地区迁移。然而,对物种迁移过程和机制研究的缺乏,严重地制约了我们对气候变暖条件下高寒植物响应与适应的全面认识。本文从种子扩散、种子萌发和幼苗定植以及成熟植株竞争等生活史不同阶段,系统综述了制约植物向高海拔或高纬度地迁移的相关研究,分析了影响高寒草地植物物种迁移的关键过程及影响因素。多数研究认为,高寒草地植物低的种子扩散能力有可能是限制高寒植物向高海拔迁移的主要因素,其次为种子萌发幼苗建植阶段,成熟植株的竞争阶段有可能影响较小。现有研究主要以模型模拟研究为主,今后应加强长期原位定位观测和野外模拟试验,明确影响高寒草地物种迁移的过程及其机制,为模型模拟研究、生物多样性和生态系统功能维持提供理论依据。

In response to rapid climate warming,plants in the alpine grasslands of the QinghaiTibet Plateau are increasingly migrating to high altitude or high latitude.However,few studies have addressed the processes and mechanisms of species migration,which limits our comprehensive understanding the responses and adaptation of alpine plants to climate warming.In this review,we summarized related studies on plant migration and analyzed the key processes and mechanisms restricting plant migration to high altitude or high latitude in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from the perspective of life history,including seed dispersal,seed germination,seedling establishment,and plant competition.Generally,seed dispersal is the main factor limiting the migration of alpine grassland plants to high altitude or high latitude.Seed germination and seedling establishment also play a role.The competition among mature plants may have limited influence on plant migration.Currently,many studies on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau focus on model simulation.In the future,long-term in situ observations and field manipulative experiments should be strengthened to clarify the processes and mechanisms underlying species migration in alpine grassland,which would provide theoretical basis for model simulation,biodiversity conservation,and ecosystem function maintenance.