不同方法评价乌鲁木齐市新市区儿童青少年超重和肥胖及其体成分差异

Evaluation of overweight,obesity by different methods and analysis differences on body composition among children and adolescents in new urban area of Urumqi

目的分析乌鲁木齐市新市区6~15岁儿童青少年体成分的发育规律及其在超重肥胖儿童青少年间的差异;探讨体重指数(BMI)及体脂两种方法评定超重肥胖的不同,对早期发现儿童青少年超重肥胖及制定改善措施提供参考。方法2019年1月纳入乌鲁木齐市儿童青少年907人;采用儿童青少年体成分分析仪测量体成分、计算BMI-Z分值;超重肥胖评定参考WS/T586-2018。结果6~15岁儿童青少年除男生体脂率外,男女生各体成分指标随年龄变化均存在线性趋势(P<0.05),BMI-Z评分男生高于女生(P<0.05);男生体脂百分比随年龄增长呈先上升后下降变化,女生在11岁时体脂百分比(BFP)超过男生(P<0.05)。BMI及BFP评价超重率及肥胖率分别为11.5%和9.0%、14.1%和20.5%;其中BMI正常组有7.6%和3.1%的少儿BFP评定为超重和肥胖;在BMI超重组有49.5%的少儿BFP评定为肥胖。各体成分在超重与肥胖组均高于正常组(P<0.05)。结论儿童青少年体成分随年龄增长而增加且有性别及年龄差异;不同方法评定超重肥胖率略有不同,提示BMI评定肥胖标准易低估体脂胖肥儿童青少年;其超重和肥胖组各体成分均高于正常组。

Objective To explore the developmental regularity and characteristics of body composition of children and adolescents aged 6~15 years in Urumqi,and to analyze its difference among normal,overweight and obese in children and adolescents,so as to explore the difference on evaluating obesity between body mass index(BMI)and body fat,in order to early detection of overweight and obesity in children and provide basis for developing improvement measures.Methods A total of 907 children and teenagers in Urumqi were enrolled in this study in January 2019.All body composition indicators were tested by body composition analyzer,and BMI-Z score was calculated.Overweight and obesity assessment referred to WS/t586-2018.Results Except for the body fat rate of boys,the body composition indexes of boys and girls had linear trends with age(P<0.05).BMI-Z scores of boys in different age groups were significantly higher than those of girls(P<0.05).Body fat percentage(BFP)in boys increased firstly and then decreased with age,while BFP in girls increased with age,and outpaced boys at the age of 11 years old.The overweight rate and obesity rate assessed by BMI and PBF were 11.5%and 9.0%,14.1%and 20.5%,respectively.Among children with normal BMI,7.6%and 3.1%were assessed as overweight and obesity by BFP.And 49.5%of children in BMI overweight group were assessed as obesity by BFP.The body composition indexes were significantly higher in overweight and obesity group than those in normal group(P<0.05).Conclusions The body composition of children and adolescents increases with age and has gender differences.The rate of overweight and obesity is slightly different by different methods,indicating that BMI is likely to underestimate the BFP of obese children.