农地流转对粮食生产生态效率的影响

Effect of farmland transfer on the ecological efficiency of food production

农地流转和多种形式规模经营,是发展现代农业的必由之路。农业现代化要求农业走可持续发展道路,注重发挥农业的生态环境功能。文章基于2005—2018年26个省份的面板数据,结合水足迹理论和SFA模型测度了各省每年粮食生产的生态效率,探究了农地流转对粮食生产生态效率的影响,得出以下结论和建议:①从时间序列来看,中国粮食生产生态效率整体上呈波动性上升趋势,其中山西省、江苏省、安徽省、福建省、江西省、湖北省、重庆市、四川省和云南省生态效率的上升趋势在1%的显著水平上显著,山东省、广东省、海南省却呈显著下降趋势。②基于空间分布的角度,地区上大致是呈现东部地区>中部地区>西部地区的生态效率分布,江苏省粮食生产生态效率最高,湖南省最低。③农地流转对粮食生产生态效率具有显著的促进作用,根据分组分析发现,农地流转水平为中等的省份生态效率平均值最高,低水平和高水平的省份生态效率平均值相近,一定程度上表明在加快农地流转促进农业生态化建设的道路上要注重适度规模经营。

Farmland transfer and economies of scale in various forms are inevitable ways of modern agriculture development,and agricultural modernization requires agriculture to take the road of sustainable development and give full play to its ecological environment function.Based on the panel data of 26 provinces in China from 2005 to 2018 and combined with the water footprint theory and the SFA model,this study measured the ecological efficiency of the annual grain production in each province and explored the impact of farmland transfer on the ecological efficiency of food production.The results showed that:①From the perspective of time series,the ecological efficiency of food production in China showed an increasing trend of fluctuation,among which the ecological efficiency of Shanxi,Jiangsu,Anhui,Fujian,Jiangxi,Hubei,Chongqing,Sichuan and Yunnan was increasing with a significant level of 1%,while Shandong,Guangdong,and Hainan showed a significant decreasing trend.②Spatially,the distribution of ecological efficiency demonstrated a eastern region>central region>western region tendency.The ecological efficiency of food production in Jiangsu was the highest,while that im Hunan was the lowest.③Farmland transfer played a significant role in promoting the ecological efficiency of food production.The group analysis found that provinces with a medium level of farmland transfer had the highest average value of ecological efficiency,while provinces with low and high levels were similar in terms of ecological efficiency,which indicated that appropriate economies of scale should be paid attention to in the process of accelerating farmland transfer and promoting the ecological construction of agriculture.