冷战初期(1948-1950)美缅关系的相互调适探析

Analysis of the Mutual Adjustment of US-Myanmar Relations in the Early Cold War(1948-1950)

从1948年1月缅甸独立到1950年6月朝鲜战争爆发是美缅关系的奠基期。它以中华人民共和国成立为界,分为前后两个阶段。前期吴努政府数次请求美国予以援助,随后甚至提出结盟呼吁,但美国却一直反应消极。后期吴努政府开始转向不结盟路线,并通过主动努力成功地促成中缅建交。而美国为了围堵中国,则开始重视吴努政府并加大援缅力度,只是它已失去了拉拢缅甸的最佳时机。由于美缅自身因素与双方政策合力所致,1948—1950年两国关系的特征是先后拉拢对方,但结果并不理想,这奠定了冷战时期双方平淡疏离关系的基础。

From the spring of 1948 to the founding of the People’s Republic of China in October 1949,the U Nu’s government of Myanmar had asked the United States for assistance several times,and then even directly appealed for alliance,but the US had always responded negatively.From October 1949 to the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950,for its self-security,the U Nu’s government decided to turn to the non-aligned route,and successfully promoted the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Myanmar after taking the initiative to work.Meanwhile,in order to contain China,the Truman administration began to attach importance to the U Nu’s government and increase its aid to this country,but it had lost the best chance to win over Myanmar.From 1948 to 1950,due to the combined forces of the respective policy factors of the two nations and their policy interactions,the overall feature of US-Myanmar relationship was that they counted on the support of the other side,but the result is not ideal,which had laid the foundation for the their mutually aloof and alienated relations during the Cold War period.