宪制改革视域下监察委属性定位的法理逻辑

The Legal Logic of the Attribute Orientation of the Supervisory Commission from the Perspective of Constitutional Reform

八二宪法第五次修正案从宪制层面增设监察委员会行使国家监察权,确立了人民代表大会制度之下行政权、监察权、审判权和检察权“四位一体”的宪制模式。宪制层面设立监察委员会是运用中国特色政治改革方法论和顶层设计的理念对国家权力监督体系的重大革新,贯穿了从严治党与国家法治一体协同推进的反腐败全覆盖思路和国家治理逻辑。正确界定监察委监察权的法理属性要基于宪制改革的时代背景、宪法修正案文本、监察基本法的规定以及监察权运行现实样态展现的问题,从政治、宪法、法律及实践层面的多重视角进行深度理解和正确阐释。

The Fifth Amendment of the 1982 constitution adds a supervisory committee from the constitutional level to exercise the national supervisory power,and establishes the constitutional mode of“four in one”of administrative power,supervisory power,judicial power and procuratorial power under the people’s Congress system.The establishment of the supervisory committee at the constitutional level innovates the state power supervision system by using the methodology of political reform with Chinese characteristics and the concept of top-level design,and runs through the idea of anti-corruption full coverage and the logic of national governance,which is the integration of strict party governance and national rule of law.The correct definition of the legal nature of the supervisory power of the supervisory committee should be based on the background of the times of constitutional reform,the text of the constitutional amendment,the provisions of the basic law of supervision,and the actual state of the operation of the supervisory power.It should be deeply understood and correctly explained from multiple perspectives of politics,constitution,law and practice.