通史家的史学世界:吕思勉中国史学史撰述评议

A Brief Commentary on the History of Chinese Historiography by Lv Simian

吕思勉的中国史学史撰述,主要见于四个方面:两部通史与四部断代史中的史学史叙述;读史札记中的史学条目;《史通》和《文史通义》研究专著;“历史研究法”、历史教科书等撰述中的史学史内容。吕思勉在史学史研究方法上明显受到梁启超“史学史的做法”的影响,他使用的史学史资料大体源于历代正史,举证繁富,却不晦涩窒碍,在史学史资料的开掘方面有筚路蓝缕之功。吕思勉能以通史家的眼光和格局观察三千年史学的流转,也能够从史学史中汲取作史的智慧,寻得新通史的做法。吕思勉在史学史撰述上,还展现了他在文献考辨上的学术功底。还有一点尤须指出,吕思勉笔下的史学史,史部目录解题的痕迹并不明显。一是带着问题写史学史;二是抓住了君权与史权的博弈这一古代史学发展的主要矛盾,为史学史撰述明确了一条主线;三是拒绝耳食之言,追求一家之言。正是基于上述诸方面的建树,吕思勉成为回顾早期中国史学史学科史时不容忽略的一员。

Lv Simian’s Chinese historiography is rich in content,mainly found in the general history,dynastic history and reading notes of history.His study of historiography was obviously influenced by Liang Qichao.The materials he used were largely derived from the official history of the past dynasties,and he was a pioneer in the field of data exploration.Lv Simian’s research on the history of historiography has the perspective of a general historian.First,he wrote the history of historiography with problem consciousness;second,he grasped the main thread of the struggle between monarchy and historical power;third,he pursued unique insights.Lv Simian played an important role in the early history of Chinese historiography.The period of the Republic of China is not only the initial period of Chinese historiography,but also its flourishing period.