不同灌水量对红枣果实生长及产量的影响

Effect of Different Irrigation Quantity on Fruit Growth and Yield of Jujube

为探究不同灌水量对红枣坐果率、果实生长及产量的影响,以甘肃省民勤县当地7a生骏枣为试验材料,在砂管灌条件下设置3个不同灌水量(2700、3375和4050 m^(3)/hm^(2))和一个地表滴灌(4050 m^(3)/hm^(2))对照进行大田试验。结果表明:4050 m^(3)/hm^(2)灌水量的坐果率和产量均达到最大值,分别为6.73%和12589.2 kg/hm^(2),显著高于其他处理;果实纵、横径存在两个明显的膨大高峰期,且第1个膨大高峰期枣果的膨大速率远高于第2个;坐果率、果实膨大速率和产量均随灌水量的增加而增大;在相同灌水量条件下,砂管灌的各项指标均高于地表滴灌。结合当地环境状况,4050 m^(3)/hm^(2)的灌水量适宜当地骏枣的生长。

In order to explore effects of different irrigation amounts on fruit setting,fruit growth and yield of red jujubes,the 7-year-old jujube in Minqin was used as test material,and three different irrigation volumes(2700,3375,4050 m^(3)/hm^(2))were set under condition of sand pipe irrigation and a surface drip irrigation(4050 m^(3)/hm^(2))control field experiment.Results showed that fruit setting rate and yield of 4050 m^(3)/hm^(2)reached the maximum,which were 6.73%and 12589.2 kg/hm^(2),respectively,which were significantly higher than other treatments.There were two obvious swelling peaks in longitudinal and transverse diameters of fruit,and in the first swelling peak,expansion rate of jujube fruit was much higher than the second one.Fruit setting rate,fruit expansion rate and yield all increased with increase of irrigation water.Under the same irrigation volume,indicators of sand tube irrigation were higher than surface drip irrigation.Combined with local environmental conditions,the irrigation volume of 4050 m^(3)/hm^(2)was suitable for growth of local jujube.