2010~2019年文山州气象灾害特征分析

CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS OF METEOROLOGICAL DISASTERS IN WENSHAN PREFECTURE FROM 2010 TO 2019

利用2010~2019年文山州气象灾害的灾情资料,采用统计分析法和归一化法对文山州气象灾害的时空分布特征及其带来的综合损失分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:2010~2019年文山州气象灾害造成的直接经济损失及其占GDP比例和灾害发生频次均呈下降趋势,但死亡人口呈上升趋势。洪灾是影响文山州最主要的气象灾害。气象灾害各月均有发生,风雹灾、旱灾主要发生在春夏季,洪灾和雷灾主要发生在夏季,冷灾主要发生在冬季,初春偶有发生。除砚山县发生频次最高的气象灾害是风雹灾外,其余7县(市)均为洪灾,频次最低均为雷灾。洪灾主要影响富宁县,风雹灾和雷灾主要影响马关县,冷灾和旱灾主要影响砚山县。总体来看,文山州东北部是气象灾害综合损失较为严重的地区,其中富宁县气象灾害损失最重,州中南部的西畴县是气象灾害损失最轻的地区。

Based on the data of meteorological disasters in Wenshan Prefecture from 2010 to 2019,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of meteorological disasters and their comprehensive loss distribution characteristics were analyzed by statistical analysis, non dimensional method and normalized method.The results show that: From 2010 to 2019,the direct economic losses caused by meteorological disasters in Wenshan Prefecture, and their proportion in GDP,the frequency of disasters showed a decreasing trend, while the death population showed an increasing trend.The flood was the most important meteorological disaster in Wenshan Prefecture.Meteorological disasters occured in each month, The wind hailstorm and the drought usually appeared in spring and summer, The floods and lightning disaster usually occurred in summer, chilling damages usually occurred in winter and occasionally in early spring.In addition to Yanshan County, the meteorological disaster with the highest frequency was the wind hailstorm, the other seven counties(cities)were all the floods, and the lowest frequency was all lightning disaster.The floods mainly affected Funing County, The wind hailstorm and lightning disaster mainly affected Maguan County, chilling damages and the drought often affected Yanshan County.In general, the northeast region of Wenshan Prefecture was the serious area with comprehensive losses caused by meteorological disasters, among which Funing County had the heaviest losses, and Xichou city had the lightest losses which located in south-central of Wenshan Prefecture.