社区性与专业性:组织差异化背景下的合作社再合作——基于贵州遵义的案例研究

Community and Professionalism:Re-cooperatated Cooperation in the Context of Organizational Differentiation——A Case Study of Zunyi Guizhou

村股份经济合作社与农民专业合作社作为与农民联系最为紧密的两类经济组织,有各自的组织优势和组织劣势。村股份经济合作社由于目标错位导致市场进入困难、制度约束导致资源配置能力有限;农民专业合作社基于人合特征和治理规范约束面临规模扩张的困难。本文以两类组织优势互补为假设,基于贵州遵义的调研,剖析集体领导型、平等合作型、专业带动型三种不同的合作经营模式,勾勒出不同模式组织互补的实践可能性和合作受阻的障碍。案例研究结果表明,两类组织的合作是实现小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接的有效平台,但可能存在合作动力不强、利益分配不公等问题,需要从立法和政策角度构建适宜的制度环境。

Village Stock Economic Cooperation and Professional Cooperative of Peasants are the economic organizations that are most closely associated with peasants.However,each organization has its own organizational advantages and organizational disadvantages.Village Stock Economic Cooperation has difficulties when it enters the market due to target misalignment,and system constraints lead to limited resource allocation capabilities.Due to the characteristics of human cooperation and the constraints of governance norms,Professional Cooperative of Peasants is facing difficulties in its scale expansion.This paper supposes that these types of organizations can achieve organization-complementation based on their advantages.Based on the survey in Zunyi,Guizhou,this paper will deeply analyze three different cooperative business models:collective leadership,equal cooperation,and professional-driven.Then,it will outline the practical possibilities of organization-complementation in different models and the barriers to cooperation.The case shows that the cooperation of these two types of organizations is an effective platform to achieve the organic connection between small farmers and the development of modern agriculture.However,some problems might still remain unsettled,such as weak motivation towards cooperation and unfair distribution of benefits,therefore an appropriate institutional environment should be constructed from the perspective of law and policy.