基于时空尺度下婺源县茶园杂草群落结构和多样性分析

Study on Structure and Diversity of Weed Community in Tea Garden in Wuyuan County based on Temporal and Spatial Scales

为探索茶园杂草生长的时空规律,给茶园杂草防控提供数据支撑和理论依据,笔者于2019年春、夏、秋季调查了江西省婺源县不同地区茶园杂草的种类、数量和生物量等,并分析了季节、海拔和茶树高度对杂草种类组成与生物多样性的影响。结果表明,婺源茶园有65种杂草,分属33科61属,春季有20科27属31种杂草,夏季有25科37属39种杂草,秋季有20科33属34种杂草,其优势种为菊科和禾本科,以马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、酸模叶蓼(Polygonum lapathifolium)、蕨(Pteridium aquilinum)、看麦娘(Alopecurus aequalis)、酢浆草(Oxalis corniculata)、蓬蘽(Rubus hirsutus)、狗尾草(Setaria viridis)等出现的频率较高。茶园杂草多度表现为春季>夏季>秋季,丰富度、香农-维纳多样性指数和辛普森多样性指数表现为夏季>春季>秋季,生物量和Pielou均匀度指数表现为夏季>秋季>春季;茶园杂草多度随海拔上升而减少,丰富度、香农-维纳多样性指数、辛普森多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均随茶园海拔上升而增加,生物量以中海拔地区最高;杂草多度和生物量随茶树高度增加而降低。总体而言,婺源茶园杂草种类丰富,夏季和高海拔地区的杂草多样性较高,幼龄茶园杂草多样性较低。

To determine the temporal and spatial patterns of weed growth,and provide data support and key information for the prevention and control of weeds in tea gardens,we investigated the types,quantities and biomass of weeds in tea gardens in different regions of Wuyuan County,Jiangxi Province,in the spring,summer and autumn of 2019,and analyzed the influence of season,altitude and tea tree height on weed species composition and biodiversity. There were 65 species of weeds belonging to 33 families and 61 genera in tea gardens of Wuyuan County. There were 31 species belonging to 20 families and 27 genera in spring,39 species belonging to 25 families and 37 genera in summer,and 34 species belonging to 20 families and 33 genera in autumn. The dominant weed species were Compositae and Gramineae;the most frequent were Digitaria sanguinalis,Polygonum lapathifolium,Pteridium aquilinum,Alopecurus aequalis,Oxalis corniculata,Rubus hirsutus and Setaria viridis. There were seasonal differences in abundance( spring >summer > autumn);richness,Shannon and Simpson diversity index( summer > spring > autumn);and biomass and Pielou index( summer > autumn > spring) of weeds in the tea gardens. Abundance decreased with altitude.Conversely,the richness,Shannon,Simpson and Pielou indexes increased with altitude. The biomass was the highest in the middle-elevation areas. The abundance and biomass of weeds decreased with the increase of tea tree height. In general,weed species was rich in Wuyuan tea gardens. To a certain extent,summer and high altitude areas increase weed diversity,and young tea gardens have low weed diversity.