教育对已婚女性幸福感影响的实证研究——基于CGSS数据的分析

An Empirical Study on the Effect of Education on the Happiness of Married Women--An Analysis Based on CGSS Data

利用2015年中国综合社会调查(CGSS 2015)的问卷数据,选取已婚女性样本研究中国家庭女性的幸福感,主要探究夫妻双方的教育水平(学历)对女性幸福感的影响。通过SPSS统计软件进行logistic回归分析,结果显示:我国已婚女性配偶的教育水平与女性的幸福感显著正相关,配偶学历越高,女性幸福感越高;女性的教育水平对自身的幸福感并无显著影响。研究还把夫妻双方的就业状态作为重要的控制变量加入模型分析其对女性幸福感的影响,结果显示:女性的就业状态影响自身的幸福感;与假设相悖的是,职业女性的幸福感并不高,就业没有提高女性的幸福感;配偶的就业状况对女性幸福感也无显著影响。分析结果还发现:年轻一代已婚女性幸福感较高;中产阶级家庭的已婚女性幸福感最高;子女数量显著影响女性的幸福感,子女数量越多,女性幸福感越低。拥有高学历配偶的女性幸福感比较高,这或许与高学历群体更认同性别平等有关。提高已婚女性幸福感,多渠道减少就业性别歧视、进一步宣传男女平等思想依然至关重要。

using the questionnaire data of 2015 China General Social Survey(CGSS 2015),this paper selects married women as samples to study the happiness of women in Chinese families,and mainly explores the influence of the education level(educational background)of the couple on the happiness of women.Logistic regression analysis was carried out by SPSS statistical software.It is found that the knowledge level of married women's spouses has a significant impact on their own well-being:the higher the spouse's education,the happier the female is.Women's level of education had no significant effect on their own happiness.The study also added the employment status of the husband and wife as an important control variable to the model to analyze its influence on female happiness.The results show that:women's employment status affects their own happiness.Contrary to the hypothesis,the happiness of working women is not high,and employment does not improve women's happiness.The employment status of a spouse also had no significant effect on women's happiness.They also show that the younger generation of married women are happier and married women in middle-class families are the happiest.The number of children has a significant impact on women's happiness:the more children they have,the lower their happiness is.Women with highly educated spouses are reported higher levels of happiness,which may have something to do with the educated group's greater recognition of gender equality.It is still crucial to improve married women's happiness,reduce gender discrimination in employment through multiple channels and further publicize the idea of gender equality.