居家老年人营养状况及影响因素分析

Nutritional status and influencing factors in the elderly at home

目的应用微型营养评估法(MNA)分析居家老年人的营养现况及影响因素,为改善居家老年人的营养健康状况提供依据。方法采用简单随机抽样方法,选择浙江省宁波市鄞州区、义乌市和常山县≥60岁的居家老年人进行调查,采用MNA评估量表和中国居民营养与健康状况监测问卷收集人口学信息、生活行为和营养健康状况资料;采用多重线性回归模型分析营养健康状况的影响因素。结果共调查374人,男性186人,占49.73%;女性188人,占50.27%。年龄最大90岁,平均(69.63±6.68)岁。MNA量表得分为(25.26±2.81)分;有营养不良风险或营养不良77人,占20.59%。多因素分析结果显示,年龄(β’=-0.140)、个人年收入(β’=0.155)、婚姻状况(已婚有配偶β’=0.110)、主动活动(β’=0.104)、食用保健品与营养补充剂(β’=0.110)、饱腹程度(习惯吃饱,β’=0.196)是居家老年人营养状况的影响因素。结论调查对象中20.59%的居家老年人存在营养不良风险或营养不良;年龄越大发生营养不良的风险越高,而个人年收入高、已婚有配偶、主动活动、食用保健品与营养补充剂、充足规律的饮食有利于维持老年人的营养健康。

Objective To learn the results of MNA(mini nutritional assessment) nutrition screening and influencing factors in the elderly living at home,so as to provide basis for improving the nutritional status of the elderly living at home.Methods The elderly people at home were recruited from Yinzhou District,Yiwu City and Changshan County in Zhejiang Province by the multi-stage random sampling method.Their demographic information,living habits and nutritional status were collected by the MNA scale and the questionnaire for nutrition and health status surveillance.The multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze influencing factors for the nutritional status.Results Of 374 study subjects,186(49.73%) were males and 188(50.27%) were females.The age was(69.63±6.68) years(range,60-90 years).The average score of MNA scale was 25.26±2.81.The prevalence of malnutrition risk in the elderly living at home was 20.59%.Age(β’=-0.140),marital status(β’=0.110),annual income(β’=0.155),active physical exercise(β’=0.104),eating health products/nutritional supplements(β’=0.110) and satiety(full diet β’=0.196) were influencing factors for MNA scores(P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition risk among the elderly living at home is 20.59%.The prevalence increases with age.Having a spouse,doing active physical exercise,eating health products/nutritional supplements,having healthy eating habits are conducive to maintaining the nutritional health of the elderly.