夏布衣着用苎麻品种评价与优异资源筛选

Evaluation of Ramie Varieties for Grass Cloth and Selection of Excellent Resources

原材料是夏布衣着用的重要限制因素,评价、筛选优异的苎麻品种资源,是制造优质夏布衣料的基础。为初步探索我国适于夏布衣着用的苎麻品种,筛选优异种质,本研究以30份苎麻品种为试验材料,浏阳鸡骨白(CK1)、日本昭和村麻(CK2)为对照,比较单纤维直径和强力,发现有14个品种均优于对照,以赤麻的单纤维直径最低,为19.09μm,广东黄皮蔸1的单纤维强力最高,为39.99 cN。对30个苎麻品种及浏阳鸡骨白(CK1)的株高、茎粗、皮厚、有效株数、鲜皮出麻率、单蔸原麻干重、单纤维直径和单纤维强度进行差异性分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,发现不同品种之间差异极显著,且部分指标之间存在极显著的相关性,30个品种及浏阳鸡骨白(CK1)可分为3类,评价指标可简化为6个。通过隶属函数分析法筛选出了优于对照浏阳鸡骨白(CK1)的品种有大庸黄壳麻、割麻、乐昌黄皮苎、兴仁苎麻、四川0号、青苎麻、盘县苎麻2号和广东黄皮蔸1。

The quality of grass cloth for clothing is limited by the raw material ramie used for making the cloth. The evaluation and selection of excellent resources of ramie varieties are the basis for the production of high quality grass cloth materials. In order to preliminarily explore the ramie varieties suitable for grass cloth materials in China and screen the excellent resources. In this study,30 ramie varieties were used as experimental materials,and Liuyangjigubai and Ribenzhaohecunma were used as controls. By comparing the diameter and strength of individual fibers,14 ramie varieties were found to be superior to the controls. The individual fiber diameter of Gema was the lowest,which was 19.09 μm,and the individual fiber strength of Guangdonghuangpidou No.1 was the highest,which was 39.99 cN. Difference analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out on plant height,stem diameter,bast thickness,number of effective plants per clump,fresh fiber rat,raw fiber yield per clump,individual fiber diameter and individual fiber strength of the 30 ramie varieties and Liuyangjigubai(CK1). Significant differences among the varieties,and among some of the indexes were found. The 30 varieties and Liuyangjigubai(CK1)could be divided into 3 categories,and the number of evaluation indexes could be simplified to 6. The varieties better than the control Liuyangjigubai(CK1),selected by the method of membership function analysis,were including Dayonghuangkema,Gema,Lechanghuangpizhu,Xingrenzhuma,Sichuan No.0,Qingzhuma,Panxianzhuma No.2 and Guangdonghuangpidou No.1.