鹅观草不同居群赤霉病抗性评价及抗病种质鉴定

Evaluation of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance and Identification of Resistant Germplasms in Different Populations of Roegneria kamoji Ohwi

小麦是全球最重要的粮食作物之一,提高小麦产量和品质对保障粮食安全和人体健康具有重要意义。赤霉病(FHB,Fusarium head blight)严重威胁小麦的高产、稳产和优质。小麦野生近缘种中存在许多赤霉病抗性资源,发掘野生近缘种中的抗病基因是小麦抗赤霉病育种中的一条重要且有效的途径。本研究采用孢子喷雾法和单花滴注法对来自国内外的31份鹅观草(Roegneria kamoji Ohwi)种质资源进行了两年两点的田间抗赤霉病鉴定。结果表明:鹅观草抗侵入性中等,抗扩展性优异,整体抗性表现良好,抗病能力存在多样性,个别居群同时具有优异的抗侵入和抗扩展能力。在31个不同居群的资源材料中,有4个居群抗病(R,占12.90%)、22个居群中抗(MR,占70.97%)和5个居群中感(MS,占16.13%)。4个抗病居群:88-89 282(新疆阿勒泰)、Pr 87-88 353(四川雅安)、Pr 87-88 352(四川雅安)和88-89 304(日本京都),两年两点间平均严重差异度都在1级以内,是优异的抗赤霉病资源,可转育到栽培小麦用以抗赤霉病品种选育。

Wheat is globally one of the most important grain crops. Raising its yield and quality is of great significance in ensuring food security and human health. Fusarium head blight(FHB)may seriously destabilize and lower the yield and quality of wheat. Wild relatives of wheat are considered important effective sources to explore for FHB resistance. In this study,thirty-one germplasm accessions of Roegneria kamoji Ohwi from China and abroad were tested for FHB resistance over two years under field conditions,by deployment of two infection methods of spore spraying method and single flower instillation. The results showed that R. kamoji Ohwi had moderate anti-invasion,excellent anti-expansibility,good overall resistance performance,diversified disease-resistance ability,and a few of the populations had both excellent anti-invasion and antiexpansion abilities. Among the 31 accessions,4 were resistant(R,accounting for 12.90%),22 were moderately resistant(MR,accounting for 70.97%)and 5 were moderately susceptible(MS,accounting for 16.13%). The accessions 88-89 282(Altay,Xinjiang),Pr 87-88 353(Ya ′an,Sichuan),Pr 87-88 352(Ya ′an,Sichuan)and 88-89 304(Kyoto,Japan)were identified as elite resources resistant to FHB from our two-years experiments,and they may be used for transference of FHB resistance to wheat for cultivar improvement.