肝脏类器官的研究进展

Advances in the Development of Liver Organoids

脂肪肝、肝炎、肝纤维化、肝癌等发病机制研究以及疾病的药物研发是肝脏病理学研究的主要目的。同时,肝病复杂难治且呈现疾病进展的趋势,从脂肪肝发展成肝硬化再进展为肝癌,需要全流程的研究模型。目前,肝脏疾病的研究主要通过体外二维细胞培养和体内动物模型进行,但均不能充分揭示肝病的发病机制及药物治疗的效果。而通过3D培养技术发展肝脏类器官,使肝病的进一步研究成为可能。从肝脏类器官领域的研究进展及其在生物医学的应用等方面进行综述,进一步总结肝脏类器官的种子细胞选择、构建方式等关键技术,根据疾病模型、药物筛选、药物肝毒性检测等方面的实际应用,证明肝脏类器官的重要性。

The main purpose of liver pathology research is to study the pathogenesis and drug development of fatty liver,hepatitis,liver fibrosis and liver cancer.At the same time,liver disease is complicated and difficult to treat and shows a tendency of disease progression.The development from fatty liver to cirrhosis and then to liver cancer requires a whole-process research model.At present,liver diseases are mainly studied through twodimensional cell culture in vitro and animal models in vivo,but neither can fully reveal the pathogenesis of liver diseases and the effect of drug treatment.The development of liver organoids through three-dimensional culture technology makes the further study of liver diseases possible.In this paper,the advances in the field of liver organoids and their applications in biomedicine were reviewed.The key technologies including the selection of seed cells and the construction method of liver organoids were summarized,and their practical applications in building disease models,screening drugs and the detection of hepatotoxicity were introduced,which proved the importance of liver organoids.