虚假伤残鉴定骗保行为刑法规制规范论

The Criminal Regulations of the Act of Fraud Insurance by False Identification of Disability

虚假伤残鉴定骗保行为是近年来较为常见且典型的虚假司法鉴定现象,其主要体现为“人伤黄牛”勾结鉴定人骗取保险金、被保险人勾结鉴定人骗取保险金,以及伤者、“人伤黄牛”与鉴定人三方勾结骗取保险金等情形。当前对虚假伤残鉴定骗保行为的刑法规制存在罪名适用不一与鉴定人主从地位认定迥异等失范问题。虚假伤残鉴定骗保行为的罪名适用应遵循穷尽判断原则,从目的行为与手段行为入手,逐一审视行为人实施的每一项行为可能构成的罪名,并最终根据罪数理论加以确定。鉴定人主从地位的判断,应区分共同犯罪的三个阶段:在共同犯罪的形成阶段,判断鉴定人对共同犯罪的故意形成是否起主要作用;在共同犯罪的实施阶段,判断鉴定人是否属于诈骗犯罪的实行犯以及是否积极、主动参与实行;在共同犯罪的完成阶段,判断鉴定人对危害结果的发生所起的作用,同时兼顾犯罪收益分配的情况。

The false disability appraisal in the fraud of insurance is a typical and common phenomenon in false forensic appraisal in recent years,which mainly takes the form of“personal disability scalpers”colluding with appraisers to defraud insurance money,the insured colluding with appraisers to defraud insurance money,or the injured,“personal disability scalpers”colluding with appraisers to defraud insurance money.At present,there are some problems in the criminal regulation regarding false disability appraisal in the fraud of insurance,such as different application of charges and different identification of principal and subordinate status of appraisers.The application of charges on false disability appraisal in the fraud of insurance should follow the principle of exhaustive judgment,starting with the purpose behavior and the means behavior,examining each possible crime of the doer,and finally determining it according to the theory of the number of offenses.The determination of the status of appraiser should be divided into three stages in a joint crime:in the forming stage of a joint crime,judging whether the appraiser plays a major role in the formation of the intention of joint crime;in the implementation stage of a joint crime,judging whether the appraiser is the perpetrator of fraud crime and actively participating in the implementation;in the completion stage of a joint crime,judging the role of the appraiser in the occurrence of the harmful result,with consideration of the distribution of the proceeds of the crime.