法庭科学质量控制措施的体系构成及域内实践审视

The System of Quality Control Measures in Forensic Science and Perspective on Domestic Practice

相关调查显示,法庭科学意见的瑕疵和错误极可能直接导致案件事实认定错误和裁判结果错误,已成为冤错案件发生的重要原因。因此法庭科学质量控制成为世界法庭科学领域内的普遍议题。法庭科学在质控过程中既面临科学有效性和准确性议题的挑战,也面临着实施过程中的标准执行、人员是否适格等实践问题,有效的法庭科学质量控制既包括对法庭科学运行过程中各个环节的监控,也包括良好职业文化和配套机制的建立。世界各国质控举措表明,法庭科学质量控制是由六项基本措施搭建起的系统工程,在我国法庭科学质量控制体系完善过程中必须对各项措施的本质内涵和关联给予充分关注,并就其运行状况和存在问题进行审视,以明确法庭科学质量控制推进方向。

Related survey shows that the defects and errors of the forensic science opinion may directly lead to fact-finding errors and judgment errors in the trial,which has become a major reason for the occurrence of wrongful convictions.Therefore,the quality control of forensic science has become a common topic in the field of forensic science throughout the world.Forensic science techniques are facing with the challenge of scientific validity and accuracy issues in the process of quality control,and in the process of practice it is also facing with issues about implementing standards,personnel eligibility,etc.Effective forensic science quality control includes both the scientific operation of each link in the process of monitoring,and the establishment of a good professional culture and the related mechanism.Quality control measures around the world show that the forensic science quality control is made up of six basic quality control measures to set up the system.In the process of forensic science quality control system in our country,each measure and the relationship among them must be given full attention,and their operation status and the existing problems must be examined,thus we can make clear the developing direction of forensic science quality control.