美国《共同核心州立英语标准》的内容、特征及启示

A Study of the Content and Characteristics of Common Core State Standards for English Language in America

为了确保基础教育学科教学质量的提升,美国在各州学科标准的基础上研制了《共同核心州立标准》,其中的《共同核心州立英语标准》把阅读、写作、听说、语言4个部分的锚定标准作为课程目标贯穿幼儿园至12年级,并细分了年级或学段的分领域标准,通过制定信息文本阅读标准、构建衡量文本难度的模型、呈现详细的写作标准样例,提升学生的阅读与表达素养。我国的义务教育学科课程标准已经实施了十年,目前正在进行相关学科课程标准的修订工作,借鉴发达国家语言类课程标准的设计经验,研究者可以基于研究与证据构建学科课程标准,依据锚定标准细化年级标准,循序渐进呈现信息文本阅读标准。

In order to ensure the improvement of the teaching quality of subjects in basic education,the United States developed Common Core State Standards on the basis of state subject standards.Common Core State Standards for English language uses anchoring standards for reading,writing,listening and speaking,and language as curriculum goals from kindergarten to grade twelve,and subdivides the standards for each grade or school segment.Through the establishment of reading standards for information texts,the creation of models to measure the difficulty of texts,and the presentation of detailed writing standard samples,it reach its aim of improving students’reading and expression literacy.The curriculum standards of compulsory education in China have been implemented for ten years,and the revision of the curriculum standards of relevant subjects is under way.Drawing on the designing experience of language curriculum standards in developed countries,researchers can promote subject curriculum standards based on research and evidence,refine grade standards based on anchor standards,and present information text reading standards step by step.