氮磷钾肥对玉米农艺性状、叶绿素及产量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers on Corn Agronomic Characters,Chlorophyll and Yield

为研究氮磷钾肥对伊犁河谷玉米产量效应的影响,揭示氮磷钾素对玉米叶绿素及产量构成的影响机制,于2020年在伊犁州农业科学研究所试验田,以玉米‘京玉16’为供试品种,采取完全随机区组设计,设置不施氮肥(PK)、不施磷肥(NK)、不施钾肥(NP)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)4个试验处理,分析了4种施肥处理对玉米株高、叶绿素含量、干物质量及产量构成的影响。结果表明,氮磷钾肥对玉米抽雄期和成熟期株高影响一致,株高表现为NPK>NK>NP>PK,其中缺失氮肥对玉米植株生长影响严重,与氮磷钾肥配施呈显著性差异;随着生长发育进程,玉米叶片叶绿素a和叶绿素总量呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,在抽雄后30 d叶绿素含量达到最大值,4种处理玉米叶片叶绿素a和叶绿素总含量在抽雄期均表现出NPK>NP>NK>PK的变化趋势;NK处理穗长最短,较NPK处理短5.09%,NK处理秃尖最长,比NPK处理长2.67 mm,NP处理玉米穗行数和行粒数均大于无氮和无磷处理,比PK行粒数多出2.13粒,NPK处理的玉米穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、百粒质量和产量均高于无氮无磷无钾处理。综上所述,在本试验条件下,平衡施肥可以增加玉米干物质量和产量,配施钾肥对产量效应影响低于磷肥,在大田生产中要注重钾肥的配施。

This experiment is to study the effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on corn yield in the Yili River Valley,and to reveal the mechanism of the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on corn chlorophyll and yield components.The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Yili Prefecture Agricultural Science Research Institute in 2020.This experiment took'Jingyu 16'as the test variety of corn,adopted a completely randomized block design,and set up 4 experimental treatments,namely no nitrogen fertilizer(PK)and no Phosphate fertilizer(NK),no potassium fertilizer(NP),nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer(NPK).The effects of four fertilization treatments on corn plant height,chlorophyll content,dry matter quality and yield components were analyzed.Nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers had the same effect on maize tasseling stage and maturity stage.The results showed that the plant height was NPK>NK>NP>PK,and the lack of nitrogen fertilizer had a serious impact on the growth of maize plants,which was significantly different from the combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.With the growth and development process,the total chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll of corn leaves showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the chlorophyll content reached the maximum 30 days after tasseling.The chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content of corn leaves of the four treatments all showed the changing trend of NPK>NP>NK>PK during the tasseling stage.NK treatment had the shortest ear length,5.09%shorter than NPK treatment,and NK treatment had the longest bald tip,which was 2.67 mm longer than NPK treatment.The number of ear rows and the number of rows of corn in the NP treatment were greater than that of the nitrogen-free and phosphorus-free treatments,which was 2.13 more than the PK rows.The corn ear length,ear thickness,ear row number,row kernel number,100-kernel weight and yield of NPK treatment were higher than those of treatment without nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.In summary,under the experimental conditions,balanced fertilization could increase the dry matter quality and yield of corn,and the effect of combined application of potassium fertilizer on yield was lower than that of phosphate fertilizer.In field production,attention should be paid to the combined application of potassium fertilizer.