优秀散打运动员先行线索加工优势研究

Research on Processing Superiority of Advance Cues for Elite Sanda Athletes

通过比较不同水平散打运动员先行线索利用的时空特征,分析优秀散打运动员先行线索利用优势。方法:采用高清摄像机从被试视角,以50帧/s的速度记录2名散打运动员的进攻动作,采用“Adobe Premier”软件对视频进行剪辑,并利用“Matlab”软件将视频编辑成测试程序。将视频投影到地拉幕布上,并与真人大小一致,运动员站于幕布前,距离幕布约1.5 m左右,做好准备姿势,一台摄像机位于被试右后方,记录被试的动作反应。通过视频分析技术提取被试散打运动员的预判准确率和预判反应时,采用重复测量方差分析对变量进行数理统计。结果:1)在动作启动前160 ms和80 ms优秀散打运动员的预判准确率高于新手散打运动员,在动作启动前40 ms和动作启动时,优秀散打运动员的预判准确率与新手散打运动员无显著差异,优秀散打运动员提取先行线索的时间优势主要体现在动作启动前80 ms之前;2)在任何时间点,优秀散打运动员的预判反应时都短于新手散打运动员,说明优秀散打运动员在信息提取上具有速度优势;3)优秀散打运动员主要根据髋部信息进行预判,新手散打运动员则根据肩头部信息进行预判;4)在任何空间条件下,优秀散打运动员的预判反应时都短于新手散打运动员,说明优秀散打运动员信息搜索和加工速度更快。结论:优秀散打运动员在先行线索利用上存在时空优势,优秀散打运动员能够在动作启动前80 ms之前提取信息,而新手运动员只能在动作启动前40 ms内提取信息。优秀散打运动员主要根据对手髋部提取信息,新手运动员主要根据肩头部提取信息。建议:在进行专项预判训练时,屏蔽时间应定格在散打运动员动作启动前80 ms之前,同时建议新手运动员关注对手髋部信息。

By comparing the temporal and spatial characteristics of the use of advance cues by different levels of sanda athletes,the paper explores the advantage of using advance cues for elite sanda athletes.Methods:Using an HD camera to record the attack movements of two athletes from a first-person perspective at the speed of 50 frames per second,the video was edited with“Adobe Premier”software,and the“Matlab”software was used to edit video into a test program.The program is projected onto a life-size ground screen,the athletes stood in front of the screen,about 1.5 meters away from the screen,and prepared their posture,and a camera was positioned behind the right side of the subject to record their movement reaction.Through the video analysis technology to extract the anticipation accuracy and response time of the athletes,the repeated measures ANOVA is used to conduct mathematical statistics.Results:1)The accuracy of elite sanda athletes is higher than that of novice players at 160 and 80 milliseconds before the start of an action,and there was no significant difference at 40 millisecond before the start of the action and at the start of the action.The time advantage for elite sanda athletes to extract the advance cues is mainly reflected in the 80 milliseconds before the start of the action;2)At any time point,the response time of elite sanda athletes is shorter than that of novice athletes,which indicates that elite sanda athletes have speed advantage in information extraction;3)Elite sanda athletes anticipate according to hip information,while novice athletes anticipate according to head and shoulder information;4)In any space condition,the response time of elite sanda athletes is shorter than that of novice athletes,which indicates that the elite sanda athletes’information search and processing speed is faster.Conclusions:Elite sanda athletes have time and space advantages in the use of advance clues.Elite sanda athletes can extract information 80 milliseconds before the action starts,while novice athletes can only extract information within 40 milliseconds before the action starts.Elite sanda athletes extract information based on the opponents’hips,while novice athletes extract information from the head and shoulders.It is suggested that the time should be fixed before 80 milliseconds before the start of the athlete’s movement in the special anticipation training,and the novice athlete should pay attention to the opponents’hip information.