月震研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospect of moonquakes

月球内部的圈层结构对于理解月球的形成和演化至关重要,因为它与岩浆洋冷凝、密度分异和物质对流等过程密切关联.阿波罗任务在月球正面中低纬度建立了第一个月震观测台网,为我们提供了研究月球内部结构以及月震的宝贵实测资料.然而,阿波罗时代的月震仪在灵敏度等方面存在较大限制,导致原始信噪比低,严重影响了月球内部圈层结构的探测能力,迄今尚未观测到切实可靠的深部反射震相,导致在月壳厚度、月核大小及深部物性状态等方面均存在很大的学术争论.本文回顾了阿波罗月震探测的仪器、数据及应用情况,特别关注月球内部圈层结构、月震波散射和衰减等方面的研究进展;最后,展望了未来月震研究的发展方向,并介绍了我国首台月震仪研制的基本构想.

The Lunar interior structure is important for understanding the formation and evolution of the Moon,because it is closely related to the processes of magma ocean condensation,density differentiation and ma-terial convection.The Apollo missions established the first moonquakes observation network in the middle and low latitudes on the near side of the Moon,which provides us with a lot of valuable observations to study the moon-quakes and interior structure of the Moon.However,the lunar seismography in the Apollo era was greatly limited on the sensitivity and some other aspects,which seriously affected the detection ability of the lunar interior struc-ture.Up to now,no reliable internal reflection phase has been observed,which has led to a great academic debate on the thickness of the lunar crust,the size of the lunar core and the state of deep physical properties.In this paper,we review the Apollo instruments,data and applications,with special attention to the research progress in the interi-or structure,the scattering and the attenuation of lunar seismic waves.Finally,we prospect the future research di-rection of the lunar seismicity and present the basic conception of the first lunar seismometer from China.