南京市浦口区2019—2020学年学生因病缺课监测状况与预警信号分析

Analysis of monitoring status and early warning signals of students’ absence due to illness in the 2019-2020 school year in Pukou District of Nanjing City

目的了解浦口区学生因病缺课状况与预警系统监测情况,为学校传染病防控工作提供科学依据。方法用描述性流行病学方法,对2019—2020学年南京市浦口区所有中小学校及托幼机构的因病缺课监测数据进行分析,并对预警系统的监测结果进行分析。结果 2019—2020学年浦口区中小学生人均因病缺课天数为1.39 d,因病缺课率为0.36%,托幼机构学生人均因病缺课天数为1.42 d,因病缺课率为0.55%。因病缺课症状构成显示,发热是中小学生因病缺课的主要原因,咳嗽是托幼机构学生因病缺课的主要原因。因病缺课疾病构成显示,感冒是中小学生因病缺课的主要原因,也是托幼机构学生因病缺课的主要原因。中小学生因病缺课呈现12月及5~6月两个高峰,托幼机构学生因病缺课呈现11~12月及6月两个高峰;缺课预警系统监测结果显示,中小学生和托幼机构学生疾病预警的主要病种是感冒,中小学生症状预警的主要原因是发热,托幼机构学生症状预警的主要原因是咳嗽。结论学生因病缺课监测是传染病防控工作关口前移的重要措施,通过缺课预警系统,实现对学校传染病的早发现、早报告、早处置,可有效减少学校传染病聚集性疫情和突发公共卫生事件的发生,这在新冠肺炎疫情常态化防控的形势下显得尤为重要。

Objective To understand the situation of students’ absence due to illness and the monitoring of early warning system in Pukou District, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools.Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the monitoring data of absence due to illness in all primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Pukou District of Nanjing City from 2019 to 2020, and the monitoring results of early warning system were analyzed.Results In the 2019-2020 school year, the average number of days absent from school due to illness among primary and secondary school students in Pukou District was 1.39, and the absentee rate was 0.36%. The average number of days absent from school due to illness was 1.42 for nursery school students, and the absentee rate was 0.55%. The symptom composition showed that fever was the main reason for primary and secondary school students absent from school due to illness, and cough was the main reason for kindergarten students. The disease composition showed that cold was the main reason for primary and secondary school students absent from school due to illness, as well as the main reason for kindergarten students. The absence of primary and secondary school students due to illness showed two peaks in December and May to June, while that of kindergarten students in November to December and June. The monitoring results of the absence early warning system showed that the main disease warning for primary and secondary school students and kindergarten students was cold, the main reason for early warning of symptoms of primary and middle school students was fever, and the main reason for early warning of symptoms for kindergarten students was cough.Conclusions Monitoring the absence of students due to illness was an important measure to advance the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Through the absence warning system, early detection, early reporting, and early disposal of school infectious diseases can be achieved. It can effectively reduce the occurrence of clusters of infectious diseases in schools and public health emergencies. The occurrence of public health emergencies is particularly important under the situation of normalized prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, which is particularly important under the situation of normalized prevention and control of the COVID-19.