中国贫困农村地区6~23月龄婴幼儿辅食喂养研究

Study on infant and young children complementary feeding in poor rural regions in China

目的分析中国贫困农村地区6~23月龄婴幼儿喂养现状。方法采用2018年贫困地区儿童营养改善项目效果监测评估数据,按省分层、多阶段抽样、按规模大小成比例的概率抽样和随机等距抽样相结合的方法抽取6~23月龄婴幼儿为研究对象,采用问卷调查收集婴幼儿过去24小时膳食摄入情况和家长喂养知识数据,根据世界卫生组织对婴幼儿喂养指标的定义分析婴幼儿辅食添加状况,采用Logistic回归模型对婴幼儿满足最低可接受膳食比例的影响因素进行分析。结果调查的40 910名婴幼儿(男童21 153、女童19 757)中,6~8月龄辅食添加率83.8%。辅食添加种类合格率67.8%,辅食添加频次合格率71.4%,满足最低可接受膳食的比例39.7%。月龄、母亲学历和家长喂养知识是最低可接受膳食的影响因素,月龄的OR值分别为1.990和1.905(P<0.001),母亲学历的OR值为1.545(P<0.001),家长喂养知识的OR值分别为1.114和1.346(P<0.001)。结论我国贫困农村地区婴幼儿辅食添加率、辅食添加种类合格率、辅食添加频次合格率和满足最低可接受膳食的比例较为低下。

OBJECTIVE To analyze complementary feeding status and issues among 6-23 month infants and young children(IYC) in poor rural regions in China to figure out actions further IYC nutrition in China. METHODS Using 2018 monitoring data from Project of Children Nutrition Improvement in Poor Rural Regions, 6-23 months infants were sampled with the method of a combination of provincial stratification, multi-stage stratified cluster, PPS and random equidistant. Complementary feeding practices were collected by 24 hours diet recall method and and parental knowledge on IYC feeding was collected by KAP questionnaire. Complementary diet was analyzed according to the World Health Organization’s definition of infant and young child feeding indicators. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of minimum acceptable diet(MAD). RESULTS A total of 40 910 infants(boys 21 153, girls 19 757) completed the survey. The proportion of infants 6-8 months of age who receive solid, semi-solid foods was 83.8%, the percentage of IYC who get minimum dietary diversity(MDD), minimum meal frequency(MMF), and MAD was 67.8%, 71.4% and 39.7%, respectively. The age of months, mother’s educational level and parent’s nutrition and feeding knowledge had significant impact on the outcome of MAD. The OR for month’s age were 1.990 and 1.905(P<0.001), OR for mother education level was 1.545(P<0.001) and OR for parent knowledge were 1.114 and 1.346(P<0.001). CONCLUSION Complementary feeding practices were poor in terms of the proportion of infants 6-8 months of age who introduced complementary foods, MDD, MMF and MAD in poor region of China.