印度未来20年教育发展的战略指引——基于对印度《国家教育政策(2020)》的分析

Strategic Guidelines for the Development of Education in India in the Next 20 Years——Based on the analysis of India’s National Education Policy (2020)

为了顺应21世纪以来全球教育发展的整体态势,应对印度教育领域所面临的一系列挑战,在经过了政策提出、框架制定、初稿拟定、草案提出和政策颁布五大环节之后,印度于2020年7月颁布了《国家教育政策(2020)》。该政策作为21世纪的第一项国家教育政策,拟对中小学进行重大改革,将学校教育制度划分为基础、预备、初中和高中四大阶段,聚焦于21世纪能力的培养,高等教育阶段倡导跨学科人才培养、推进高等教育管理机构的重组和合并。这一政策是印度未来20年教育发展的纲领性文件,在重视印度传统文化及价值的基础上努力建立"新印度"。新教育政策的颁布引起了巨大的反响,支持者高度肯定该政策的科学性和合理性,反对者则强烈质疑该政策实施的可行性。总体来看,该政策符合世界教育发展的未来趋势,但能否实现其宣称的"到2040年拥有世界首屈一指的教育体系"的目标尚需拭目以待。

In order to comply with the overall trend of global education development in the 21 st century and deal with a series of challenges India’s education sector is facing,India promulgated National Education Policy(2020)in July 2020 after going through five major steps:policy proposal,framework formulation,first draft formulation,draft proposal and policy promulgation.As the first national education policy in the 21 st century,this policy intends to carry out major reforms in primary and secondary schools,and divides the school education system into four stages:basic,preparatory,junior high and high school,focuses on the 21 st century ability fostering.In the higher education sector,the policy advocates the cultivation of interdisciplinary talents and promotes the reorganization and merger of higher education management institutions.This policy is a programmatic document for the educational development of India in the next 20 years,and strives to establish a"New India"on the basis of stressing Indian traditional culture and values.The promulgation of the new education policy has aroused huge repercussions.Supporters highly affirm the scientificity and rationality of the policy,while opponents strongly question the feasibility of implementing the policy.Overall,this policy is in line with the future trend of world education development,but it remains to see whether the policy can achieve its stated goal of"owning the world’s premier education system by 2040".