柔性流水车间有限缓冲区问题分析

Analysis of Limited Buffer Area in Flexible Flow Shop

柔性流水车间的实际生产过程中,相邻的两个工序间通常设置缓冲区用以存放在制品,其不仅可以用来存放来自上一道工序的完工工件,还可以根据实际生产需求对加工工件进行排序和分类。在大规模生产模式下,缓冲区的作用更为明显。而通常情况下由于实际生产企业流水线中,由于生产车间空间、仓储设施容量等因素限制,在生产车间只能设置容量有限的缓冲区,当生产车间出现任务需求产能波动、各个工序间的生产节拍不一致时,有限缓冲区容量容易达到其上限,使得工件不能进入缓冲区,导致出现生产堵塞的现象,进而会影响到整体的生产进程。同时,由于在生产企业中加工产品的多样化,其规格尺寸、加工工艺、存储方式的差异等原因,导致生产线中存在多种类型的有限缓冲区,本文主要讨论柔性流水车间中的多序列有限缓冲区、公共缓冲区和路由缓冲区三种复杂的有限缓冲区。对其各个的特征和在实际生产过程中工作状态进行分析,为具有有限缓冲区的柔性流水车间排产优化问题的研究打下坚实的基础。

In the actual production process of the flexible flow workshop,a buffer zone is usually set up between two adjacent processes to store the products in progress.It can not only be used to store the finished parts from the previous process,but also can sort and classify the processed parts according to actual production requirements.In mass production mode,the role of the buffer zone is more obvious.In general,due to the actual production enterprise assembly line,due to factors such as production workshop space and storage facility capacity,only a buffer with limited capacity can be set in the production workshop.When the production workshop has task demand capacity fluctuations and inconsistent production tempo between various processes,the limited buffer capacity can easily reach its upper limit,so that workpieces cannot enter the buffer area,resulting in production jams,which will affect the overall production process.At the same time,due to the diversification of processed products in production enterprises,the differences in their specifications and sizes,processing techniques,storage methods and other reasons,there are many types of limited buffer zones in the production line.This article mainly discusses three complex limited buffers in the flexible flow shop:multisequence limited buffers,common buffers and routing buffers.The analysis of the various characteristics of the buffer zone and the working status in the actual production process and lays a solid foundation for the future research on the optimization problem of flexible flow workshop with limited buffer zone.