颜色、时尚与无菌术:现代外科手术着装简史

Color,Fashion and Antisepsis:A Brief History of Modern Surgical Attires

外科医生曾与理发师同属一个行业协会。19世纪,外科学走向职业化和现代化的过程中,外科医生寻求摆脱工匠身份,以绅士们常穿的深色夫拉克外套作为手术服,来体现自己的职业尊严。在社会公共卫生改革和细菌理论的影响下,容易清洗、消毒的白色棉纱或亚麻罩袍又取代了深色外套成为标准手术着装。电气时代来临,手术照明条件大大改善,出于医生视觉舒适和对患者安全的考量,绿色、蓝色手术袍取代了白色手术衣,受到外科医生青睐。服装是医生职业身份的重要标志,外科手术着装的演变和发展不仅记录了外科学历史,还具有丰富的文化和社会意涵。

Surgeons used to belong to the same trade union as barbers.In the 19th century,with the professionalization and modernization of surgery,surgeons sought to shed the identity of craftsmen.They decided to wear the dark frock coat which was the common outfit for gentlemen as their surgical attires to demonstrate their professional dignity.Under the influence of public health reform and bacterial theory,white gowns made of twilled muslin or light linen,which were easy to clean and disinfect,replaced the frock coat and was used as standard surgical dresses.In the age of electricity,the lighting conditions for surgery were improved,for the comfort of the surgeons'eyes and the safety of the patients,green and blue surgical gowns took over and became the most popular surgical attires.As part of surgeons'professional identities,surgical attires in different time periods not only had important historical meanings which reflected the changes happened in the history of surgery,but also had significant cultural and social implications.